bio-orthogonal chemistry: pioneering therapeutic precision in medicine

Bio-orthogonal chemistry has quickly acquired popularity in the biomedical field due to its outstanding biocompatibility and precision in changing biomolecules while avoiding interference with natural biological processes. this review specifically examines the fundamental concepts and practical usage of bio-orthogonal processes in nanoscale biomedical contexts, including in the fields of medication administration, cancer treatment, and optical imaging. we highlight recent breakthroughs, such as the utilization of click chemistry, tetrazine ligation, and strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (spaac), which allow for extremely selective and efficient biomolecule alterations in living systems. in addition, we evaluate these methodologies compared to conventional bioconjugation techniques, examining their potential for future biomedical research and their advantages in therapeutic targeting. this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of bio-orthogonal chemistry, its current uses, and the hurdles that must be overcome to realize its full potential in clinical contexts.