removal of p-nitrophenol from industrial wastewater using electrochemical oxidation wif mn-pbo2 electrode: analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography technique

The compound known as p-nitrophenol (pnp) possesses toxic properties and exhibits considerable resistance to natural degradation upon its introduction into the environment. consequently, devising efficient and secure approaches to remove pnp is imperative. the current study synthesized a mn-pbo2 electrode with a sn-sb intermediate layer via an electrochemical deposition approach. the fabricated electrode was then utilized for the electrocatalytic oxidation of pnp. the high-performance liquid chromatography(hplc) measured the residual of pnp in the treated samples. the results obtained from the regression analysis determined that the experimental data exhibited the highest level of conformity with the second-order polynomial model. the coefficient of determination (r²) was determined to be 0.9960. furthermore, the adjusted r² (adj. r²) value was found to be 0.9941, lastly, the predicted r² (pred. r²) value was calculated as 0.9866. the maximum removal efficiency of pnp, reaching 98.4%, was achieved by employing the optimal conditions, which included an initial pnp concentration of 2.0 mg l-1, intensity of 25 ma, and oxidation time of 40 min. the kinetics of the process follow the pseudo-first-order model with r² =0.9892. this study confirms that utilizing the mn-pbo2 electrode in an anodic oxidation process is an efficient and highly effective method for removing pnp.