a review in analytical methods: removal and extraction of pollutants in different matrixes by nanotechnology

The field of nanotechnology has demonstrated remarkable potential in effectively addressing environmental issues through remediation, particularly in extracting and removing pollutants from water, air, and human samples. the unique properties of nanomaterials, such as their high surface area (hsa) to volume ratio, size, and optical and magnetic behavior, make them well-suited for various applications in pollution control in different matrixes. nanotechnology-based adsorbents are utilized in multiple fields such as water wastewater treatment, air purification filters, photocatalysis, environmental monitoring, electrochemical sensors, industrial, human sample analysis, and bioanalysis. nanoadsorbents such as carbon nanotubes (cnts), graphene (g), metal oxide nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks (mofs), nanocomposites, magnetic nanoparticles, and silica-based nanomaterials are materials at the nanoscale that can remove pollutants by solvent extraction, membrane separation, photocatalysis, sorption, filtration, adsorption, precipitation, ion exchange, bioremediation, phytoremediation, coagulation, flocculation, and chemical oxidation/reduction technique. these nanomaterials are designed to have high surface areas and unique properties that effectively absorb various contaminants. the choice of nano adsorbent depends on the specific pollutants targeted, the environmental conditions, the physicochemical characteristics of the pollutant, and the desired application. ongoing research is exploring new nanomaterials and optimizing existing ones to improve efficiency and address potential environmental and safety concerns. in summary, nanotechnology holds great potential for extracting and removing pollutants in water, air, soil, and human samples, using innovative methods for environmental protection and public health.