مطالعه و تحلیل نقوش هندسی گسسته در ظروف فلزی دوره سلجوقی (نمونه موردی 4 اثر فلزی موجود در موزه آرمیتاژ)

هندسه از سالیان دور موردتوجه معماران، صنعت‌گران و هنرمندان بوده و در دوره سلجوقی پیشرفت زیادی داشته است. در این دوره علاوه بر هندسه، فلزکاری نیز به اوج خود ‌رسید. نمونه‌های ظروف فلزی این دوره دارای نقوش هندسی هستند و برخلاف نقوش هندسی که گسترده و قابل تکثیر هستند در قاب واگیره دایره محصورشده و جزو نقوش گسسته محسوب می‌شوند. علیرغم اهمیت این نقوش در هنر اسلامی به نظر می‌رسد تاکنون مطالعات زیادی بر روی این نقوش هندسی که دارای ترسیم هندسی متنوعی هم هستند صورت نگرفته است. پژوهش پیش رو به دنبال پاسخگوی به این سوالات است: 1. نقش هندسی موجود در آثار فلزی دوره سلجوقی از چه الگوها و تناسبات هندسی، بهره گرفته‌شده است؟ 2. با چه شیوه ترسیمی می‌توان به آن نقش هندسی دست‌یافت؟ بر همین اساس در این مقاله 4 نمونه از آثار فلزی موجود در موزه آرمیتاژ که دارای تزیینات نقش گسسته هندسی است به روش توصیفی تحلیلی و با استفاده از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای، موردمطالعه قرارگرفته و شیوه ترسیمی آن‌ها بررسی‌شده است. بر اساس این مطالعه مشخص گردید بیشتر این نقوش بر پایه ستاره شش‌پر هستند که با چندضلعی‌ها و دایره‌ها ترکیب‌شده‌اند. ترکیب این نقش‌ها بر مبنای شش‌ضلعی است و با توجه به تقسیمات شش‌ضلعی‌ها بر مبنای ستاره شش پر می‌توان به نحوه ترسیم این نقوش پی برد.

study and analysis of discrete geometric patterns in metal vessels of the seljuk era (case study of four metal works in the hermitage museum)

one of the artistic features of islamic arts is geometric patterns in decorative elements of muslim artworks. these geometric patterns are one of the most widely used patterns in islamic art and architecture, created by the combination of geometric forms such as triangles, squares, rectangles and circles. geometric patterns existed before islam, but they get a lot of attention during of islamic period. on the other hand, the development of these patterns in architecture and handicrafts can be considered as the achievement of the seljuks. this period is considered as one of the brilliant periods of islamic civilization in historical, cultural, artistic, and scientific developments. that not only has vastly developed in the field of artistic decorations, also accounted as the golden age of technological and industrial progress. one of the industries that has reached its peak of prosperity in this period is the art of metalworking, which is evidenced by the metal vessels remaining from this period. the metal works of the seljuk period show the change and evolution of metalworking art from the sassanid period onwards. they express the special features of the khorasan school, which included the cities of great khorasan, neishabour, herat, balkh, and merv. there is significant variation in the metalwork patterns of the seljuk period, such as geometrical patterns. these motifs are sometimes spread over the field of work and are sometimes enclosed within a circular framework. but, most of them include rosettes. since it resembles a flower or rosette we call this pattern a geometric rosette with an outer ring that forms a central star by a variable number of «petals» that are encircled. their geometric structure shows that these patterns have a special drawing method. the purpose of this study was achieving the geometric patterns and proportions and drawing methods of these patterns. according to that, studies on rosette patterns in this period were very few. recognition of available patterns on the metal vessels of this period and drawing patterns can be effective in expanding them. this research is exploring to answer these questions that what geometric patterns and geometric proportions have been used in the geometric patterns of metal works in the seljuk period? and how can that geometric pattern be achieved? according to that, in this article, an attempt has been made to use descriptive analytical methods, and by using library studies and providing stepby step models, the drawing methods of geometric patterns be presented in the four seljuk metal works in the hermitage museum. hermitage museum is one of the largest museums in the world and there are many islamic works in it that part of them belongs to the seljuk period. its metal works include geometric patterns, especially rosettes that the knowledge of them can lead to more variety and newer geometric pattern drawing. according to that, four samples of seljuk metal works in the hermitage museum were analyzed in this study.