management of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome-associated encephalopathy with mixed pulmonary mold infections: a case report

Introduction :severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging infectious disease of global concern. this case report describes a patient with sfts-associated encephalopathy complicated by mixed pulmonary infections with aspergillus fumigatus and rhizopus microsporus in ningbo, china — a combination that has not been previously reported. case presentation :a forty-five-year-old man with confirmed severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) infection developed pulmonary co-infection by aspergillus and rhizopus, complicated by massive hemoptysis. he received combined antifungal therapy with liposomal amphotericin b and isavuconazole, as well as bronchoscopy and bronchial artery embolization (bae). due to recurrent hemoptysis, a left lower lobectomy was performed, resulting in complete clinical and radiological recovery. conclusions :this case highlights the importance of early recognition and dynamic reassessment of fungal infections in sfts patients. prompt initiation of broad-spectrum antifungal therapy and timely surgical intervention are key to improving survival. nevertheless, as a single case, the findings should be interpreted cautiously; further studies are needed to determine whether similar dual fungal infections occur more widely in sfts patients or under specific immunosuppressive conditions.