effects of bacterial lysates on tlrs/nf-κb pathway, immune function, and prognosis in children with pulmonary infection caused by streptococcus pneumoniae

Background: bacterial lysates, as immunomodulators, may play a role in regulating the host immune response. objectives: this study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial lysates om85-bv in treating pulmonary infections caused by streptococcus pneumoniae in children. methods: a total of 120 children with s. pneumoniae pulmonary infection were divided into two groups: the control group and the om85-bv group, with a 1: 1 ratio. the control group received intravenous mezlocillin at 100 ml/kg/d, while the om85-bv group, in addition to mezlocillin, received om85-bv orally at 3.5 mg per dose. the improvement of clinical symptoms and pulmonary function indexes—including respiratory rate, tidal volume, volume to peak expiratory flow as a proportion of exhaled volume, and time to peak tidal expiratory flow as a proportion of expiratory time—were compared. additionally, levels of c-reactive protein (crp), tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), interleukin-6 (il-6), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sil-2r), t lymphocyte subsets, and immunoglobulins in serum were analyzed. results: compared to the control group, the om85-bv group showed a significant decrease in respiratory rate and an increase in tidal volume, volume to peak expiratory flow, and time to peak tidal expiratory flow (p < 0.05 for all). the om85-bv group also had significantly lower levels of serum inflammatory factors such as crp, tnf-α, il-6, and sil-2r. in terms of immune function, the om85-bv group showed increased levels of t lymphocyte subsets cd3+, cd4+, and cd4+/cd8+ ratios, with a decrease in cd8+, as well as elevated serum iga and igg levels. the total effective rate of treatment in the om85-bv group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). conclusions: the addition of om85-bv to the treatment of s. pneumoniae pulmonary infection in children significantly improves clinical symptoms, lung function, and immune function, while reducing the inflammatory response. om85-bv appears to inhibit the activation of the toll-like receptors (tlrs) and nuclear factor kappa-b (nf-κb) pathway.