ip-10, mip1α, il-6, and il-1β as biomarkers associated with disease severity of covid-19

Background: the factors responsible for the progression of covid-19 from a mild illness to a severe and often lethal condition, characterized by respiratory failure and multiple organ involvement, remain unclear. the identification of biomarkers capable of predicting disease progression is of the highest importance. objectives: this study sought to assess laboratory measurements of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (ip-10), macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (mip1α), interleukin-6 (il-6), and interleukin-1 beta (il-1β) to achieve this objective. methods: we measured ip-10 and mip1α by qrt-pcr and il-6 and il-1β using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 120 serum samples. we analyzed differences between patients with moderate, severe, and recovered covid-19. results: the number of positive cases for biomarkers ip-10, mip1α, il-6, and il-1β were significantly different between groups. the expression levels of ip-10 and mip1α were significantly higher in patients with severe covid-19 compared to those who had recovered. a strong positive association was observed between ip-10 and mip1α in severe infection cases. additionally, these biomarkers were relatively independent predictors of disease severity. conclusions: the results suggest that ip-10, mip1α, il-6, and il-1β are promising research candidates for understanding the severity of covid-19 and for investigating possible pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease.