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   clostridioides difficile in non-hospital sources (animals, food, and environment) in asian countries: a literature review  
   
نویسنده esfandiari zahra ,amani fatemeh ,khavari shokofeh ,sami masoud
منبع jundishapur journal of microbiology - 2021 - دوره : 14 - شماره : 3 - صفحه:1 -7
چکیده    Context: clostridioides difficile ( c. difficile ) is an agent responsible for severe infection with a high mortality rate in healthcare facilities. with the discovery of c. difficile in the community, it was assumed that this bacterium might be transmitted to humans through non-hospital sources. evidence acquisition: this study examined different aspects of the epidemiology of c. difficile in asian countries with a review of the literature using search engines such as web of science, scopus, and pubmed.[results]based on the literature pertaining to asia, the highest rate of c. difficile is found in samples collected from farm animals, red meat, and meatbased products. two ribotypes 027 and 078, as hypervirulent factors, were found in different non-hospital sources. resistance to the most frequently used antibiotics in healthcare setting was observed in c. difficile. conclusions: due to the heterogeneity of the examination of c. difficile , understanding the actual condition of c. difficile is difficult. however, the presence of two hypervirulent ribotypes of c. difficile in non-hospital sources is alarming. it seems that it is necessary to perform further studies on c. difficile in non-hospital sources. defining a focal point for such research could be helpful to explore the situation of c. difficile in clinical settings and communities of asian countries.
کلیدواژه Clostridioides difficile ,Non-hospital Sources ,Asian Countries
آدرس isfahan university of medical sciences, student research committee, school of nutrition and food science, department of food science and technology, iran, isfahan university of medical sciences, student research committee, school of nutrition and food science, department of food science and technology, iran, isfahan university of medical sciences, student research committee, school of nutrition and food science, department of food science and technology, iran, isfahan university of medical sciences, student research committee, school of nutrition and food science, department of food science and technology, iran
پست الکترونیکی sami.masoud@gmail.com
 
     
   
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