effects of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of avicennia marina on apoptotic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation indices and liver histology of type 1 diabetic rats

Background: avicennia marina (a. marina) has been traditionally used in the treatment of various diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. objectives: the study aimed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of a. marina on apoptotic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation indices and liver histology of type 1 diabetic rats. methods: in this laboratory research, a total of 40 male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups including the control group, type 1 diabetes mellitus (dm) group, diabetic group receiving 50 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of a. marina, diabetic group receiving 100 mg/kg of a. marina, and the diabetic group receiving 200 mg/kg of a. marina. the control and dm groups were intraperitoneally administered with 0.5 ml of saline solution as the solvent for 30 days. the experimental groups were intraperi- toneally administered with 0.5 ml of hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 30 days, respectively. diabetesmellitus was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate. at the end of treatment, we measured the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), interleukin-1β (il-1β), and il-6. also, we assessed the levels of bcl2-associated x protein (bax), b-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2), caspase-9, superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), malondialdehyde (mda), and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (hodg-8) using elisa in liver tissues. histological changes in the liver were also investigated. results: the levels of bcl-2, sod, cat, and gpx were significantly higher in the experimental groups receiving 100 and 200 mg/kg ofa. marina in a dose-dependent manner than in the dm group. the levels of bax, caspase-9, mda, and hodg-8 were significantly lower in the experimental groups in a dose-dependent manner. also, the serum levels of tnf-α, il-1β, and il-6 were significantly lower in these groups in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). however, the differences were not significant in the experimental group receiving 50 mg/kg of a. marina (p > 0.05). the results showed that a. marina extract improved the histological changes in the liver of diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. conclusions: the administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of a. marina can improve liver tissue damage and reduce diabetes-related liver complications by decreasing apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation.