risk factors associated with cyberbullying, cybervictimization, and cyberbullying-victimization in iran’s high school students

Objective: this study aimed at finding the risk and protective factors of cyberbullying.method: a total of 425 high school students (199 boys and 226 girls) were selected using a cluster randomized procedure. the risk and protective factors included gender, internet use, self-esteem, dark triad traits (machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy), school bullying perpetration, school bullying victimization, interparental conflict, and school climate.results: the results of multinomial logistic regression showed that being male, school bullying perpetration, and school bullying victimization can significantly increase the chances of being a cyberbully-victim and spending one hour or less on the internet can significantly decrease the chances of being a cyberbully-victim.conclusion: this study provides important implications for any prevention and intervention programs for cyberbullying, which must consider the roles of traditional bullying, gender differences, and internet use in cyberbullying behavior.