nature-inspired silver nanoparticles: easy process optimization with celtis caucasica leaves and antibacterial insights

In contemporary society, a plethora of human industries are fundamentally dependent on the antibacterial capabilities of various nanoparticles, rendering their absence in contemporary applications nearly unimaginable. silver nanoparticles (agnps) are widely used for their potent antibacterial properties in various applications, including medical and industrial settings. controlling microbial growth is critical to prevent health and environmental issues. in this study, agnps is biosynthesized using the celtis caucasica leaf extract, optimizing synthesis parameters to achieve high purity and uniform particle size. the ideal synthesis parameters involved combining 1.5 ml of plant leaf extract with 10 ml of a 3 mm agno3 solution, maintaining a ph of 7, and heating the mixture at 70 °c for 45 minutes.uv-vis, ftir, and tem analyses verified the synthesis of nearly spherical agnps with a mean size of approximately 20 nm, displaying a typical spr absorption peak at 425 nm. ftir data revealed key bioactive groups in the extract that enabled ag⁺ ion reduction. the agnps showed robust antibacterial effects against staphylococcus aureus (mic 12.5 µg/ml) and escherichia coli (mic 25 µg/ml).