Microencapsulation of Ethion by Interfacial Polymerization Utilizing Potassium Phthalimide-N-oxyl (PPINO) as a Promoter

Polyurea microcapsules containing an active agent, i.e. ethion as pesticide, have been prepared by interfacial polymerization between 2, 4-toluene diisocyanate (tdi) and diethylenetriamine (deta) in an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion system. the effects of the nature of the emulsifier, the monomer weight ratio, and a novel promoter, i.e. potassium phthalimide-n-oxyl (ppino), on the morphology, microstructure, and thermal stability of the microcapsules have been investigated. ppino was used as a water-soluble promoter capable of dimerizing and trimerizing the isocyanate reactant in the interfacial polymerization. the transmission electron microscopy (tem) micrographs showed that the addition of the promoter had no significant effect on the microcapsule shell thickness. increasing the amount of ppino caused the degree of crystallinity of the polymer shell to decrease considerably. in addition, increasing the amount of promoter up to 2 wt% caused the thermal stability of the microcapsules to decrease, while using promoter beyond this level resulted in higher thermal stability