investigation of the influence of different flapping wing motion characteristics on aerodynamic parameters under incoming flow

There is high flight efficiency of flapping wing aircraft, and its hovering ability, wind loading rating, maneuverability and concealment are better than that of multi-rotor and fixed-wing aircraft. in this paper, the bionic flapping wing is taken as the research subject, and a complete motion process of the flapping wing is divided into four stages by numerical method under the condition of incoming flow. it is found that there is delayed stall mechanism of leading-edge vortex, wake vortex capture mechanism and rotating circulation mechanism in flapping wing flight. on this basis, the impact of flapping wing kinematic parameters on flapping wing aerodynamic characteristics is explored. the effects of different flapping motion parameters on flapping aerodynamic parameters are investigated from three perspectives, including flapping frequency, direction of flapping wing motion and trajectory of flapping wing. it is demonstrated that increasing the flapping frequency can result in an improvement in the lift resistance characteristics. the phase difference of flapping wing motion can affect the angle of attack state for airfoil during flapping. when the flapping frequency, amplitude, and phase difference are identical, there is minimal disparity in the lift characteristics among different trajectories. however, a substantial discrepancy arises in the drag coefficient. the axisymmetric of motion trajectory will also cause significant differences in the lift characteristics.