distribution of the velocity profile via analytical and three-dimensional numerical vegetation modeling

Understanding the ecological conditions of vegetation growth in water sources is vital to appraise the influence of vegetation on river engineering. based on the experimental information that is accessible, the consequences of vegetation on flow resistance is described as an alteration in the drag coefficient and the planned area.  the current study analytically estimates the vertical distribution of stream-wise velocity in open-channel flow while considering rigid and flexible vegetation. the flow is vertically separated into top free water layer and bottom vegetation layer using the projected deflection height of both vegetation. related momentum calculations for each layer are then derived. based on the gathered experimental data, a 3d numerical model with various simulation situations is used to model, calibrate, and evaluate the artificial cylinders. a considerable deflection analysis is utilised to calculate the velocity-dependent stem height. this has proven to be more precise compared to formerly deflection investigation. the estimated outcomes show that precise predictions may be made for the vertical contours of vertical reynolds shear stress based on mean horizontal velocity. the numerical simulations demonstrate that plant flexibility reduces the vertical reynolds shear stress and prompted flow resistance force of the vegetation.