effect of the heating block position on natural convection in a three-dimensional cavity filled with nanofluids

This paper consists on a three-dimensional numerical approach of natural convection in a cavity containing the nanofluid. the cavity contains an isothermal heating block in the middle of the bottom (case bh) and the top (case th) walls and kept at a hot temperature th. the right and the left vertical walls of the cavity are kept at a cold temperature tc. the study's parameters are: the volume fraction ф varying between 0 and 0.03, and the rayleigh number 10³≤ra ≤10^5. the considered nanofluid is water + cu. the results illustrate that the rayleigh number ra and the volume fraction ф have a positive effect and they also improve the heat transfer. interesting results have also been found while comparing the two considered configurations.