دراسه الانظمه الاستعاریه فی شعر خلیل مطران وجولشین جیلانی

انّ الانظمه الاستعاریه هی عباره عن مجموعات من النظم التی تتشکل من الاستعارات المفهومیه والفئویه والکونیه والمعرفیه والهیکلیه، وهی استعارات تعتمد علی التجارب الحسیه للانسان فی تعامله مع بیئته وما یحیط به من احداث ووقائع. لقد دخل مصطلح الاستعاره المفهومیه عالم الادب علی ید جورج لیکاف ومارک جنسون، وذلک علی اساس نماذج العلوم المعرفیه وفی اتجاهات علم المعانی. وفی محاوله معرفه ما اذا کانت الاستعارات المفهومیه منفصله عن بعضها البعض او متصله فیما بینها طُرح موضوع آخر بعنوان الانظمه الاستعاریه، التی تشمل التسلسل الکبیر للوجود، واستعاره هیکل الحدث. یهدف البحث الراهن الی دراسه انواع الانظمه الاستعاریه فی اشعار خلیل مطران وجولشین جیلانی لمعرفه ماهیه الانظمه الاستعاریه التی وظفها الشاعران فی شعرهما. وما هی الخصائص التی اضافتها هذه الانواع من الاستعاره علی شعری مطران وجیلانی؟ اظهرت النتائج ان شعر خلیل مطران یری المجتمع باعتباره ظاهره ونظاما انتزاعیا معقدا وذلک بالاعتماد علی استعاره التسلسل الکبیر للوجود، کما یعرف الخصائص والنتائج المترتبه علیها والتی تتحکم فی افراد المجتمع باعتبارها حدثا وذلک علی ضوء استعاره هیکل الحدث. کما ان جولشین جیلانی وفی ظل استعاره التسلسل الکبیر للوجود ینظر الی الانسان والحرب والموت باعتبارها ظواهر، ویعرف اللحظات العابره للحیاه والسعاده والرحمه من خلال الاعتماد علی الاستعارات من نوع هیکل الحدث. 

A Study of Metaphorical Systems in the Poetry of Khalil Mutran and Golchin Gilani

Metaphorical systems are orderly groupings consisting of conceptual, ontological, and structural metaphors based on sensory experiences and are the result of our interaction with the surrounding environment. The term conceptual metaphor was introduced into the literature by George Lycoff and Mark Johnson, based on cognitive science models and semantic approaches, and with the question of whether conceptual metaphors are separate or interconnected. A new group called metaphorical systems was introduced, which includes the metaphor of the great chain of existence and the structure of the event metaphor. This study tries to examine the types of metaphorical systems in selected poems from the work of Khalil Mutran and the poetic collection of Golchin Gilani to determine which types of metaphorical systems the two poets have used in their poetry? And what conceptual features have this kind of use of metaphor give to the poetry of Khalil Mutran and Golchin Gilani? The results indicate that Mutran describes the society as a phenomenon as well as a complex abstract system using the great chain of existence metaphor and its related features and the results that govern the individuals of the society, conceptualizes as an event using the event structure metaphor. Golchin Gilani also deals with man, war and death as a phenomenon in the shadow of metaphors of the great chain of existence and uses the metaphors of event structure to conceptualize the fleeting moments of life, happiness and kindness in the mind of the audience.Metaphorical systems are orderly groupings consisting of conceptual, ontological, and structural metaphors based on sensory experiences and are the result of our interaction with the surrounding environment. The term conceptual metaphor was introduced into the literature by George Lycoff and Mark Johnson, based on cognitive science models and semantic approaches, and with the question of whether conceptual metaphors are separate or interconnected. A new group called metaphorical systems was introduced, which includes the metaphor of the great chain of existence and the structure of the event metaphor. This study tries to examine the types of metaphorical systems in selected poems from the work of Khalil Mutran and the poetic collection of Golchin Gilani to determine which types of metaphorical systems the two poets have used in their poetry? And what conceptual features have this kind of use of metaphor give to the poetry of Khalil Mutran and Golchin Gilani? The results indicate that Mutran describes the society as a phenomenon as well as a complex abstract system using the great chain of existence metaphor and its related features and the results that govern the individuals of the society, conceptualizes as an event using the event structure metaphor. Golchin Gilani also deals with man, war and death as a phenomenon in the shadow of metaphors of the great chain of existence and uses the metaphors of event structure to conceptualize the fleeting moments of life, happiness and kindness in the mind of the audience.