الواقعیه فی ادب توفیق الحکیم (عوده الروح انموذجا)

یُعتبر توفیق الحکیم من الاُدباء الرواد فی الوطن العربی. فقد ترک میراثا ً کبیراً یتنوّع ما بین الروایه والقصه والمسرحیه والمقاله. وتعد روایته (عوده الروح) عملا روائیا یحمل سمات کل من الواقعیه النقدیه التی تعنی نقد الاوضاع السیاسیه والاجتماعیه السائده فی الفتره ما بین الحربین العالمیتین 1914م_ 1938م، وخصوصا ثوره 1919م بقیاده سعد زغلول. وکذلک سمات الواقعیه الاشتراکیه التی تعنی وجود الامل والتفاول بتغییر الاوضاع المتردیه. فقد حاول عرض حیاه مجتمع مصغر ونموذج من المجتمع المصری وما یعیشه من ظروف اجتماعیه صعبه فی تلک الفتره. ویکون البحث وفق المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی. ومن اهم النتائج التی توصلنا الیها ان الروایه تعتبر نموذجا متقدما للواقعیه علی من سبقها من الروایات الواقعیه، فهی اکثر جراه فی نقد الواقع وکشف الاوضاع الفاسده فی ظل المحتل البریطانی. وایضا تعتبر وثیقه من تاریخ مصر السیاسی والاجتماعی.

Realism in Tawfiq al-Hakim’s Works: A Case Study of Odat al Ruoh or the Return of the Spirit’

Tawfiq alHakim is one of pioneers in Arabic literature and has produced a large volume of stories, dramas and articles. Odat al Ruoh or the Return of the Spirit is a story with critical realistic elements and portrays sociopolitical conditions and developments between the two world wars, especially the Egyptian revolution of 1919 led by Sa rsquo;ad Zaghloul. This story contains socialist realism elements, such as hope and optimism concerning reforms for a corrupted society.In this story, he has attempted to show a small part of the Egyptian society and its debilitating and terrible conditions. It tries to reflect the pain and difficulties Egyptian people had undergone to form unity to resist oppression and tyranny.This research aims to reflect on realism elements Tawfiq alHakim employed and more specifically how they were used in this story. In other words, this study tries to answer the questions as what realism the story has and how the personal life of the author affected it.The important findings suggest that this story is among the first ones, which are based on the school of realism because the author has been bold enough to criticize the reality and revealed the corrupted conditions of the Egyptian society when it was once occupied by Britain. It is considered important and reliable evidence for political and social history of Egypt.