بررسی مقایسه‌ای تاثیر برخی عامل های نهادی بر بهره‌وری در صنعت مرغ گوشتی استان‌های ایران

امنیت غذایی، همواره از دغدغه‌های بشر بوده و با افزایش شدید جمعیت در دو سده اخیر تامین امنیت غذایی پیچیده‌تر از هر زمان دیگری شده است. نرخ رشد مثبت جمعیت کره زمین نشانگر گسترده‌تر شدن ابعاد این مسئله در آینده است. از این رو، یکی از چالش‌های پیش رو، افزایش تولید غذا همزمان با کاهش آلودگی و افزایش کیفیت آن و دستیابی همه به آن است. گوشت، یا به طور ویژه گوشت مرغ و تخم مرغ از جمله منبع‌های مهم غذایی انسان است. صنعت تولید گوشت مرغ در ایران، از نارسایی‌های بسیاری رنج می‌برد که باعث بهره‌وری پایین در این صنعت شده است. هدف این پژوهش، شناخت عامل‌های موثر بر بهره‌وری صنعت مرغ گوشتی در ایران با تاکید بر متغیرهای نهادی است. بدین منظور با استفاده از مدل اقتصادسنجی داده‌های ترکیبی یا تابلویی (پانل دیتا) و داده‌های سرشماری مرغداری‌های استان‌های مختلف و دیگر اطلاعات کلان کشور، رابطه بین بهره‌وری و متغیرهای مستقل برآورد شد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد: 1) تراکم مرغداری‌ها در استان‌ها رابطه مستقیم و معنی‌داری با بهره‌وری سرمایه و نیروی کار دارد. 2) با افزایش بخش‌ها و مرکزهای مرتبط با ساختار تشکیل دهنده‌ی زنجیره تامین و تولید گوشت مرغ در یک استان، بهره‌وری سرمایه هم‌ افزایش یافته است. 3) تاثیر افزایش درآمد سرانه بر بهره‌وری سرمایه و نیروی کار متفاوت است.

a comparative study of the effect of some institutional factors on productivity in the broiler industry of iran’s provinces

introduction: poultry industry in iran is about seven decades old. today, chicken meat and eggs have become one of the main components of the food of the people of the world, especially the people of iran. although the broiler industry in iran has been associated with significant production growth and capital accumulation, it is still very vulnerable. in iran, institutional restrictions have caused the absence of formation of integrations. in fact, one of the most important and effective challenges of this industry is the lack of production in the form of integrations in this industry (jiran & paloj, 2016). missing links in the supply chain can seriously damage the process and the amount of production and product (andrea stocchetti and elena scattola, 2011). institutional factors alone can affect the direction of any economy in general and any industry in particular. this research was compiled with the aim of investigating the effect of these institutional factors on the productivity of the broiler production industry in iran's provinces. researches in iran regarding the poultry industry or chicken meat production and the productivity of its production factors are generally in the form of a case study of a province or a city. a significant part of the researches is in the form of questionnaires and less has been referred to the statistical data obtained from the census of all poultry farms and macro data of the country. in addition, some important and effective factors such as institutional conditions have been given less attention. in addition to the mentioned cases, this research is innovative due to the use of the analytical framework of institutional economics. materials and methods: common types of productivity indices are classified as single-factor (partial) productivity indices and multi-factor indices or the total productivity (tfp)(oecd, 2001). the partial productivity in this research, is calculated by the division of production by the amount of labor and capital stock (in this research, it is the area of the production hall). the main goal of this research is to investigate the effect of various factors on productivity in broiler farms in iran. considering that the data of this research is a combination of provincial cross-sectional data and time data. multivariate linear regression model and panel data econometric method is used. the variables that are used in this research include the variable of the density of poultry units, the variable of the business environment index, the variable of income per capita without oil, the variable of the type of ownership, the variable of the provinces' share of the organizations and upstream units of chicken meat integration. results and discussion: in this article, the effect of some institutional variables on the productivity of broiler farms in iran's provinces has been investigated and analyzed. the findings of the research show that with the increase in the density of poultry farms in the provinces, the productivity of capital and labor has increased. a large part of management knowledge in poultry farms is obtained through tacit knowledge and experience. therefore, in provinces where the density of poultry farms is higher, it is possible to exchange information and experiences between people. as a result, this factor increases productivity in poultry farms. another result of this research is the increase in capital productivity due to the increase of the provinces' share of the organizations and upstream units of chicken meat integration. the three main sectors of the chicken meat production industry or chicken meat integration is feed production factories, slaughterhouses, and mother chicken farms. also, in this research, a different effect of increasing per capita income on capital and labor productivity has been obtained.