protective effects of nano-propolis liposomes on iischemia-reperfusion injury: a rat model of testicular torsion and detorsion

A rat testis model was used to assess the effects of nano-propolis liposomes on ischemia-reperfusion injury. twenty-four healthy male wistar rats were included and randomised into six investigational groups (n = 6): group sham: only laparotomy was implemented. group ischemia: only a 3-hour ischemia was induced. group is/rep: a 3-hour ischemia followed by 3 hours reperfusion for the left testis and one week reperfusion for the right testis was performed with 1 ml normal saline that was gavaged 1 hour before the onset of ischemia. group is/rep/npl: as in group is/rep, but with 1 ml nano-propolis liposomes gavaged 1 hour before the onset of ischemia. evaluations were based on biochemical analyses and sperm parameters. propolis enhanced antioxidant activity and quality of sperm parameters (p < 0.05). nano-propolis liposomes could help minimize ischemia-reperfusion injury in testicular tissue exposed to ischemia.