مسئولیت مدنی مبتنی بر تقصیر پلیس

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﭘﻠﯿﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺎزوی اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ دوﻟﺖ و ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﺑﺮای اﺟﺮای ﺑﺮﻗﺮاری ﻧﻈﻢ و اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﺣﯿﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم وﻇﯿﻔﻪ و اﻋﻤﺎل اﺧﺘﯿﺎر، ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ از اﻓﺮاد را ﻧﻘﺾ و ﺧﺴﺎرﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎر آورد در اﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﺮی ﺑﺮای ﻓﺮد ﻧﺎﻗﺾ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﻣﺘﺼﻮر اﺳﺖ، ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻠﯿﺲ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، ﺑﺮای ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺑﺮ اﺷﺨﺎص، وﺟﻮد ﺳﻪ رﮐﻦ: ﺿﺮر، ﻓﻌﻞ زﯾﺎن ﺑﺎر و راﺑﻄﻪ ﺳﺒﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺿﺮر وارده و ﻓﻌﻞ زﯾﺎن ﺿﺮوری اﺳﺖ. روش: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: اﻣﺮوزه ﭘﺮوﻧﺪه ﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻌﺪدی در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﭘﻠﯿﺲ در ﻣﺤﺎﮐﻢ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد اﻣﺎ ﺑﺮای ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ آنﻫﺎ، روﯾﻪ واﺣﺪ و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﻧﻤﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از اﺣﮑﺎم دادﮔﺎه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﺻﺎدر ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ وﺻﻒ، در ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﻣﺎﻣﻮران ﻧﺎﺟﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ و روﺷﻦ ﺷﻮد، ﺿﻤﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻠﻢ و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ آﻧﺎن در اﺟﺮای ﺑﻬﺘﺮ و دﻗﯿﻖ ﺗﺮ ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﯾﺖ ﻫﺎ، زﻣﯿﻨﻪ دﻓﺎع آﻧﺎن از ﺧﻮد را در ﻣﺤﺎﮐﻢ ﻗﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ، ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ وﺻﻒ، ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻘﺼﯿﺮ ﭘﻠﯿﺲ و ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ آﺛﺎر و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﻃﺮح دﻋﺎوی ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﭘﻠﯿﺲ ﻧﺸﺄت ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد، ﺑﺎﯾﺪ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﯽ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﻮادث زﯾﺎﻧﺒﺎر از ﺳﻮی آﻧﺎن ﻧﻤﻮد..

مسئولیت مدنی مبتنی بر تقصیر پلیس

on 4/26/1396 (ah) a child named benita was abducted during a robbery. efforts to find the child continued unabated, and the eight-month-old was unable to protect himself until cook’s lifeless body was found inside a stolen car in tehran’s pakdasht district. the perpetrators of this crime were arrested within a short period of time, and eventually this issue caused a great deal of media coverage. some jurists considered benita’s murder to be intentional and some to have suspected it, and there were many discussions and interpretations among jurists on this issue. the present article, by examining the issues and analyzing it (descriptive-analytical), concludes that the lack of attention to the issue of correction and rehabilitation and the dangerous condition of prisoners, as well as the lack of scientific approach to criminal neutralization of prisoners after release, can cause this category. crimes and the type of murder; according to the statements and confessions of the defendants; irrespective of the media coverage of the crime and its impact on the judges’ decision, the belief is that the crime was intentional (paragraph a of article 291 of the penal code).