مبانی ادعای نقض حقوق زنان در جمهوری اسلامی ایران از منظر حقوق بشر

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺗﻬﺎﻣﺎت ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻮی ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﻣﺒﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﻗﺾ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺟﻤﻬﻮری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان در ﺣﻮزه زﻧﺎن، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ادﻋﺎی ﻧﻘﺾ ﺣﻘﻮق زﻧﺎن از ﺳﻮی اﯾﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ و ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ داده، ﯾﮏ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﻮﺿﻮع و ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ روش ﮔﺮدآوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه اﺳﻨﺎدی(ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای) اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻫﺪف ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﻮن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، 511 ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ای اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﺮان در ﻃﯽ دوره اول و دوم ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺮوﻧﺪه ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ ﺧﻮد در ﺷﻮرای ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ، درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺪود ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮم اﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ(152 ﻣﻮرد) ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن ﺣﻘﻮق زﻧﺎن اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻔﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﻈﺮی، اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ای ﭼﻮن ﻋﺪم ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و اﻟﺤﺎق ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﻮاﻧﺴﯿﻮن زﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ وﺟﻮد ﺗﻌﺎرﺿﺎت ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺣﻘﻮق اﯾﺮان و ﻣﻔﺎد اﯾﻦ ﮐﻨﻮاﻧﺴﯿﻮن ، اﺧﺘﻼف در ﺗﻔﺎﺳﯿﺮ و ﻧﯿﺰ وﺟﻮد ﺑﺮﺧﯽ اﺑﻬﺎﻣﺎت ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ادﻋﺎﻫﺎی ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ و ﺗﻠﻘﯽ از ﺟﻤﻬﻮری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان «ﻧﺎﻗﺾ ﺣﻘﻮق زﻧﺎن» را ﺑﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻧﻤﻮد. آﻧﭽﻪ اﯾﻦ ادﻋﺎ را ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﺟﻠﻮه ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ و ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﭘﺮوﻧﺪه ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ اﯾﺮان در دﺳﺘﻮر ﮐﺎر ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎی ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮی و ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد، ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻏﺮب ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﯾﺮان روﯾﮑﺮد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺸﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ در اﯾﺮان و اﺳﻼم ﺳﺘﯿﺰی و ﻋﻨﺎد ﻏﺮب ﺑﺎ اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ.

basis of violation of women's rights claim in the islamic republic of iran from the perspective of human rights

background and aim: considering the accusations raised by the western countries that the islamic republic of iran violates human rights in the field of women, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the basis of iran's violating women's rights. method: this research is considered to be qualitative research in terms of the research framework and nature of the data, and descriptive-analytical research in terms of examining the characteristics of the subject and the problem, which was done by using the method of collecting information in a documentary (library) study. the target community or the texts examined in this research are 511 recommendation letters that iran received during the first and second periods of reviewing its human rights case in the human rights council. about one-third of these recommendations (152 items) are about women's rights, and all these texts have been reviewed, and by achieving theoretical adequacy, the validity of the research is confirmed. results and conclusion: by referring to legal bases such as non-acceptance and accession to the women's convention due to the existence of legal conflicts between iran's laws and the provisions of this convention, differences in interpretations and also the existence of some legal ambiguities, it is possible to deal with the claims raised and considered the islamic republic of iran as a violator of women's rights is an ineffective issue. what makes this claim appear legal and causes iran's human rights case to be placed on the agenda of human rights and international organizations are political factors such as the influence of the west against iran, the political and selective approach to the category of human rights in iran, and the anti-islamism and stubbornness of the west with iran.