سویه‌های حقوق کودک در لایحه ویژه پلیس اطفال و نوجوان ایرانی

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: در اﯾﺮان ﻻﯾﺤﻪ وﯾﮋه ﭘﻠﯿﺲ اﻃﻔﺎل و ﻧﻮﺟﻮان اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ اﻗﺪاﻣﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ در راﺳﺘﺎی ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﻮﯾﻪﻫﺎی ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﻮدک در ﻻﯾﺤﻪ وﯾﮋه ﭘﻠﯿﺲ اﻃﻔﺎل و ﻧﻮﺟﻮان اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ بود.روش: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و روشﻫﺎی ﭼﻨﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺳﻨﺎدی، ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﯽ اﺳﻨﺎد ﻣﻮﺟﻮد از ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﻮدک را اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ . ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻨﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن ﭘﻠﯿﺲ وﯾﮋهی اﻃﻔﺎل و ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن، ﻣﺘﻦ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻻﯾﺤﻪ ی ﭘﻠﯿﺲ وﯾﮋ ه ی اﻃﻔﺎل و ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن اﺳﺖ. در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﻮدک ﻧﯿﺰ، ﻣﺘﻦ اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎنﻧﺎﻣﻪ و ﮐﻨﻮاﻧﺴﯿﻮن ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﻮدک، ﻣﺘﻦ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ی ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﻮدک و ﻧﻮﺟﻮان اﯾﺮان در اﻓﻖ 1404ه.ش ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻠﯽ ﮐﻨﻮاﻧﺴﯿﻮن ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﻮدک ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ دﯾﻦ اﺳﻼم و ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ و ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﻮدک ﮐﻪ درﻣﯿﺜﺎق اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﻮدک ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ، ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﻨﺦ ﻫﺎی ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﻮدک در اﯾﺮان، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ، ﺑﺎ 10 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن و ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻮدک، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪی ﻋﻤﯿﻖ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮی ﻧﻈﺮی ﺑﻮد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 25 ﻣﻮرد از ﺳﻨﺦﻫﺎی ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﻮدک در ﻻﯾﺤﻪی ﭘﻠﯿﺲ وﯾﮋه ی اﻃﻔﺎل و ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ و ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﻻﯾﺤﻪ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر در راﺳﺘﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﻮدک در اﯾﺮان در ﺳﻄﻮح ﮐﻨﺸﮕﺮی و ﺧﺮد، ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎ و ﮐﻼن ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺐ و اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﺷﺪن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﭘﻠﯿﺲ وﯾﮋه اﻃﻔﺎل و ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد و ارﺗﻘﺎء وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﻓﺮاد زﯾﺮ 18 ﺳﺎل ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺐ آن ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬاران ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

aspects of the children rights in special bill of iranian juvenile police

background and aim: in iran, a special bill for the iranian juvenile police has been defined as an important step in protecting children. the present study, entitled &aspects of the rights of the child in the special bill of the iranian juvenile police”, shows the importance of children’s rights. method: to achieve this goal, with a qualitative approach and multiple methods, including interviews with experts and documentary analysis, to identify the types of child rights in iranian society, and then, based on the results, the bill on police for children and has analyzed and studied adolescents. in the process of analyzing the bill, 58 articles were analyzed separately and we extracted their supportive aspects of children’s rights; during the tables of the findings section, we expressed the identified rights by referring to the empirical evidence in each article.findings and results: the results show that 25 cases of child rights in the bill for children and adolescents have been supported and emphasized for observance. therefore, the special police bill for children and adolescents in iran is in line with the realization of more children’s rights at the levels of activism and wisdom, institutions and middle, structures and macro. the approval and implementation of the special police structure for children and adolescents will lead to the improvement and promotion of the situation of people under the age of 18, therefore, its approval is recommended to the relevant policy makers.