fuzzy logic based geographical routing for urban vehicle ad-hoc networks based on intersection detection

Vehicular ad-hoc networks are a type of ad-hoc network that lacks a fixed infrastructure. the network's nodes are vehicles that self-organize and perform various network operations, including packet routing and network management. these networks enable intelligent autonomous behavior in vehicles, particularly in situations such as accidents. each vehicle in a vehicular ad-hoc network acts as a network node, and these nodes can collaborate to enhance network efficiency. nowadays, technologies like vehicular ad-hoc networks are widely employed to enhance traffic flow and transportation in urban areas. routing in vehicular ad-hoc networks remains a fundamental challenge in these networks. this article presents a routing method specifically designed for vehicular ad-hoc networks operating in urban environments. given that urban environments consist of numerous roads and intersections, the proposed approach is divided into three phases. the first phase introduces an intersection detection method that does not require a city map. it classifies the network nodes into two categories: those located at intersections and those outside intersections. the second phase presents a routing method for nodes outside intersections, while the third phase outlines a method for determining routes for nodes within intersections. to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, key parameters such as packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, throughput, and end-to-end delay have been analyzed. the results indicate that the proposed method outperforms other existing methods.