from home to classroom: how parenting styles shape student participation through self-efficacy

Objective: the objective of the present investigation is to examine the predictive influence of parenting style on the spirit of student participation, with an emphasis on the mediating role of self-efficacy.methods: the methodological approach employed is descriptive-correlation. the statistical population encompasses both male and female high school students in parsian, totaling 934 individuals. following a cluster random sampling procedure, a sample of 272 students, comprising 136 females and 136 males, was analyzed. the research instruments utilized consist of three questionnaires: the parenting styles questionnaire by baumrind (1973), the self-efficacy scale developed by jink and morgan (1999), and the student participation spirit measure articulated by anderson et al. (2019).results: the findings derived from correlation coefficients and path analysis of the variables indicated that 1- a significant relationship exists between each of the parenting style subscales and the variables of self-efficacy and participation spirit. however, the permissive parenting style does not exhibit a significant correlation with the spirit of participation. 2- in the path analysis, it was revealed that solely the negligent parenting style fails to significantly predict the spirit of participation. conversely, the authoritative parenting style demonstrates a positive and significant predictive capacity for the spirit of participation when mediated by self-efficacy. in contrast, the authoritarian parenting style exhibits a negative predictive influence on the spirit of participation.conclusions: these measures are essential steps toward creating a more agile organization, as recommended for managers and officials.