تاثیر عناصر داستانی در روایت پردازی(مطالعه موردی: مقایسه حکایت «نرد بازی کردن طغان‌شاه» در چهارمقاله، تذکرة الشعرا و لطایف الطوایف)

ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺑﺰار رواﯾﺖﭘﺮدازی اﺳﺖ. رواﯾﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن و ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﺸﺘﺮک، در زﻣﺎنﻫﺎی ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن، از ﺳﻮی راوﯾﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺎزرواﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ «ﻧﺮد ﺑﺎزی ﮐﺮدن ﻃﻐﺎنﺷﺎه» را ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﻋﺮوﺿﯽ در ﻗﺮن ﺷﺸﻢ رواﯾﺖ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻌﺪ از آن دوﻟﺘﺸﺎه ﺳﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪی در ﻗﺮن ﻧﻬﻢ و ﻓﺨﺮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺻﻔﯽ در ﻗﺮن دﻫﻢ آن را ﺗﮑﺮار ﮐرده اﻧﺪ. ﻣﺴﺌﻠﮥ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﺮا ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﻣﺸﺘﺮک، ﻧﻮع رواﯾﺖﭘﺮدازی در ﺳﻪ رواﯾﺖ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در رواﯾﺖﭘﺮدازی راوﯾﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از ﯾﮏ رواﯾﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮدن ﯾﺎ ﻧﮑﺮدن از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ و ﻧﻮع ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮی از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ در ﻋﻤﻞ رواﯾﺖ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر، ﺳﻪ رواﯾﺖ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮی رواﯾﺘﯽ ﻫﺮﮐﺪام از آنﻫﺎ، از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر، ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﭘﺮدازی، ﺻﺤﻨﻪﭘﺮدازی، ﻋﻤﻞ رواﯾﺖ، ﭘﯽرﻧﮓ و درونﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. رواﯾﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎﯾﯽ در ﺷﯿﻮهﻫﺎی رواﯾﺖﭘﺮدازی دارد ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﺴﺎﻧﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﻮع ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮی ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ در آنﻫﺎﺳﺖ. در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ تحلیلی-ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪای ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای ﯾﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎدی ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ رواﯾﺖ ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از دو رواﯾﺖ دﯾﮕﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﭘﺮدازی ﻓﻘﻂ در دو رواﯾﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ و ﺻﻔﯽ دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ در رواﯾﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﻗﻮیﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺻﺤﻨﻪﭘﺮدازی در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ رواﯾﺖ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻮع ﺑﯿﺎن درونﻣﺎﯾﻪ در ﺳﻪ رواﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻓﺮق ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ره‌آورد ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭘﯽرﻧﮓ و اﻟﮕﻮی ﺑﻪﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺷﺪه در رواﯾﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا و ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﻣﺸﺘﺮک، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻔﺎوت در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﺷﮑﻞ رواﯾﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮع اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ در ﻇﻬﻮر اﯾﻦ تفاوتﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺸﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ دارد.

factors of story elements in narration a case study of the comparison of the tale of taghanshah's playing dice in chahar magala, tadzkhar al-shaara and lataifal tawaif

story elements are the most important tools for narration, there are many narrations that have a common theme, but different narrators have retold them in different ways at different times. the story of toghan shah playing dice was narrated by nezami aaroozi in the 6th century, after that daulatshah samargandi in the 9th century and fakhruddin ali safi repeated it in the 10th century. the main issue in the current research is why, despite the common theme, the type of narration is different in the three mentioned narrations. one of the factors that cause changes in the narration of the same narration by different narrators is the use, lack of use, or the type of use of story elements in the act of narration. in this research, the three mentioned narratives have been compared in terms of structure, characterization, staging, narrative action, plot and theme, with the aim of achieving the narrative model of each of them. the mentioned narratives have differences in the narration methods, these differences are due to the use of story elements in them. in the analytical-comparative study with reference to the library or citation method, it was determined that the volume of the narrative of the fourth article is more than the other two narratives. characterization can be seen only in nezami and safi narrations, which is stronger in nezami narration. the staging in all three narratives is weak and the type of thematic expression is different in the three narratives. the conclusion of this research states that the color and pattern used in narratives with common content and theme cause differences in the structure and form of the narrative, and the type of use of story elements plays an effective role in the appearance of these differences.