synthesis of hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization of rice husk

This study presents the results of hydrochar synthesis from rice husk via hydrothermal carbonization (htc). rice husk, a by-product of rice processing, is traditionally classified as waste. however, it can serve as an effective raw material for the production of biochar materials. a number of experiments were carried out to examine the hydrothermal carbonization of rice husk under various temperature conditions. it was established that both temperature and reaction duration affect the formation of the porous structure of hydrochar. intense thermal decomposition of biomass at elevated temperatures enhances the degradation of surface layers, leading to increased specific surface area and improved material porosity. prior to carbonization, the rice husk was sequentially washed with running and distilled water, and then dried in a drying oven at 105 °c for 24 hours. distilled water was added to the rice husk in a 1:1 mass ratio with constant mixing. after the complete absorption of water, the resulting mixture was carbonized in a vacuum muffle furnace at various temperatures for 1 hour. the effect of carbonization temperature on hydrochar yield and its physicochemical characteristics, such as moisture content, bulk density, and iodine adsorption activity, was studied. it was discovered that the optimal temperature for hydrothermal carbonization of rice husk was 800 °c for 60 minutes. at 800 °c, the iodine adsorption activity reached 63.37%. scanning electron microscopy (sem) analysis revealed that the obtained hydrochar possessed a well-developed porous structure.