dual nanoformulations of 𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒂 𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂 and rosmarinus officinalis: effects on il-10 cytokine and collagen i biomarkers in incisional wounds

Improving postoperative incisional wound healing remains a challenge. centella asiatica and rosmarinus officinalis possess anti-inflammatory and collagen-promoting properties, but poor skin permeability limits their therapeutic effectiveness. this study evaluated the effects of a dual nanoparticle gel combining transfersomal c. asiatica extract and rosemary oil nanoemulsion on wound closure, il-10 expression, and collagen type i deposition. twenty-five female wistar rats (n=5/group) received standardized 3 cm midline abdominal incisions. the groups included no treatment, standard gel (3% c. asiatica + 1% rosemary oil), and transfersomal gels containing 0.15, 0.30, or 0.60% c. asiatica plus 0.1% rosemary nanoemulsion. the treatments were applied topically once daily for 14 days. wound closure was assessed using digital photography and imagej software. il-10 and collagen i expression were quantified by immunohistochemistry at 1,000× magnification. early wound closure (days 0–7) showed no significant difference (p>0.05). by day 10, the 0.30% and 0.60% transfersome groups achieved significantly greater closure (63% and 67%, respectively) than the controls (30–38%, p<0.05). on day 14, they reached 79% and 82%, respectively, compared to 59-61% in the controls. il-10 expression peaked in the 0.60% group (11.8 au), while collagen i deposition was also highest (19.8 au), both significantly surpassing the other groups (p<0.05). transfersomal c. asiatica and rosemary nanoemulsion gels enhanced transdermal delivery, increased anti-inflammatory signaling, and promoted extracellular matrix remodeling, significantly accelerating wound healing. this formulation shows promise as topical therapy for surgical wounds.