the aprhrodisiac effect of ethanol extract of 𝑼𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝑹𝒖𝒇𝒂 blume. bark on male mice (𝑴𝒖𝒔 𝑴𝒖𝒔𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒖𝒔)

Sexual desire is essential for a harmonious sexual life, and its decrease can disrupt family stability. globally, approximately 31% of men experience erectile dysfunction (ed). although medications like sildenafil are available, they pose side effects such as cyanosis, blurred vision, and hypertension. in east nusa tenggara, indonesia, uvaria rufa blume has been traditionally used as an aphrodisiac. this study evaluates the acute toxicity and aphrodisiac efficacy of u. rufa bark extract (ure) in mice (mus musculus). the bark was obtained using 70% ethanol, and acute toxicity was assessed via ld₅₀ estimation and histological examination of liver and kidney tissues following ure administration using the fixed-dose method. aphrodisiac efficacy was determined by measuring leydig and sertoli cell counts, seminiferous tubule diameter, and testicular weight after ure administration at doses of 0.425, 0.85, and 1.7 mg/20 gbw. a single 0.13 mg/20 gbw dose of sildenafil served as a positive control. the acute toxicity test indicated an ld₅₀ of 3.435 mg/kg, classifying ure as slightly toxic, while histological analysis showed no signs of necrosis, degeneration, inflammation, or cholangitis. the aphrodisiac assessment identified 0.85 mg/20 gbw as the optimal dose, significantly enhancing leydig and sertoli cell counts, seminiferous tubule diameter, and testicular weight. these results indicate that ure is both safe and effective as aphrodisiac, supporting its potential as a natural alternative for addressing sexual dysfunction.