the association between planetary health diet index with the odds of breast cancer: a case-control study

Background: breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. diet is recognized as an important factor in the prevention of cancer. no research has evaluated the association between the planetary health diet index (phdi) and breast cancer risk in the iranian population. therefore, the association between phdi and breast cancer odds in iranian women was examined in this study.methods: the present case-control study (n=134 cases, n=267 controls) was conducted in two hospitals in tehran, iran. women aged 30 or older diagnosed with breast cancer through biopsy were included. in the current study, the participants' food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, a reliable and valid tool. results: a lower odds of breast cancer was observed in the last tertile of the phdi compared to the first tertile in both crude and adjusted models [adjusted model: odds ratio (or)=0.54; 95% confidence interval (ci): 0.31-0.95]. in the subgroup analysis, based on the menopausal status, in the fully adjusted model, lower odds of breast cancer were found in the last tertiles of phdi compared to the first tertile in the post-menopausal group (or=0.38; 95% ci: 0.17-0.84).conclusion: the findings suggest an inverse association between higher phdi scores and breast cancer risk. an inverse association between phdi and breast cancer risk was also evident, particularly among post-menopausal women.