the effectiveness of volleyball exercises on cognitive function and daily living skills in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial

Background: this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of volleyball exercises on executive function and daily living skills in schizophrenia. methods: in this randomized study, 28 individuals with schizophrenia participated. the intervention was volleyball exercises for two months. the functional independence measure, the lawton instrumental activities of daily living scale‏, and loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment battery tests were used in this study. repeated measures and effect size were utilized for analysis. results: volleyball exercises improve cognitive function and activities of daily living (adls) in the intervention group in the following: group effect, time effect, and group and time interaction. they were significant respectively (p-value1=0.041, p-value2=0.001, p-value3=0.001, cohen's d=1.267,1.266), (p-value1=0.001, p-value2=0.001, p-value3= 0.001, cohen's d=3.967,3.749). with this intervention, no significant difference was observed between the control and intervention groups in instrumental activities of daily living.conclusion: volleyball exercises improve executive function and adls in individuals with schizophrenia.