واکاوی مولفه‌های کار کودک در داستان بچه‌های خاک بر اساس نظریه گلدمن

ﻟﺬت و آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻦ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﮥ دو ﻫﺪف ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن، در ﺗﻤﺎم آﺛﺎر اﺻﯿﻞ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن، ﭘﺎﺑﻪ ﭘﺎی ﻫﻢ ﭘﯿﺶ ﻣﯽ روﻧﺪ. از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن، در ﻫﻤﺎن ﺣﺎل ﮐﻪ ﺷﻮق ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن و ﻟﺬت ﺑﺮدن از داﺳﺘﺎن را در ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن زﻧﺪه ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﯽ دارد، آﻧﺎن را ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻫﻢ آﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. »ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ « ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﮐﻮدک ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪه‌ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و »ﺑﯿﺎن« عاطفی و ﻣﺆﺛﺮ آن وﻇﯿﻔﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن و ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ رو، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺘﺎب ﺑﭽﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺧﺎک، ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻟﻮﺳﯿﻦ ﮔﻠﺪﻣﻦ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﮐﺘﺎب، ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ ﯾﻮﺳﻔﯽ، ﮐﻮﺷﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﮐﺎر و ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ و آرﻣﺎن ﻫﺎی دﺳﺖ ﻧﯿﺎﻓﺘﻨﯽ آﻧﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﮑﺸﺪ. ﺑﯽ ﮔﻤﺎن ﻫﺪف او از ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﮐﺮدن ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، ﻣﻌﻄﻮف ﮐﺮدن ﻧﮕﺎه ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه زﺷﺖ و ﺷﻮﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﯽ ﻋﺪاﻟﺘﯽ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺒﺎه، ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮد ﺳﻮدﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﮥ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮوﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﺪه و ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن را از داﺷﺘﻦ ﯾﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ و ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداری از آﻣﻮزش وﭘﺮورش ﻣﺤﺮوم ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﯾﻮﺳﻔﯽ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺑﭽﻪ ﻫﺎی ﮐﺎر را در ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪای ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻧﻪ، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮی از ﻧﻈﺎم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﯽ داﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮز ﺗﻠﻘﯽ از ﻣﺴﺌﻠﮥ مورد ﺑﺤﺚ، دﯾﺪﮔﺎه او را ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری و ﺗﮑﻮﯾﻨﯽ ﻟﻮﺳﯿﻦ ﮔﻠﺪﻣﻦ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. داده ﻫﺎی ﭘ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﮐﺎر ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﯾﻮﺳﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪای ﮐﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮐﺮده آﺷﻨﺎﺳﺖ و آن را ﯾﮏ ﻣﻌﻀﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻧﺎﺑﺴﺎﻣﺎﻧﯽ اوﺿﺎع اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﯽ داﻧﺪ.

analyzing the components of child labor in the story of children of soil based on goldman's theory

pleasure and learning, as the two fundamental goals of children's literature, go hand in hand in all original children's works. from this point of view, children's literature, while keeping children's passion for reading and enjoying stories alive, also introduces them to life issues. investigation of children's social life issues is the responsibility of sociology and its emotional and effective expression is the duty of committed writers and poets. the topic of the upcoming article is a sociological analysis of the book children of the soil, based on lucien goldman's theory. the author of the book, mohammadreza yousefi, has tried to depict the lives of working children, their needs and unattainable ideals in this book. undoubtedly, his purpose of highlighting the issue is to direct the eyes of the society and the rulers to this ugly and sinister phenomenon which is the product of injustices and relations caused by it. in this corrupt system, the utilitarian behavior of the society has led to the collapse of the family system and has deprived children of having a normal life and enjoying education. but the important issue is that yousefi considers the phenomenon of working children not as an independent issue, but as an element of the social and cultural system. this approach to the discussed issue brings his view closer to lucien goldman's structural and developmental theory. the research data is a library that has been analyzed and described with a qualitative method. the results of the work show that yousefi is familiar with the problem he has chosen and considers it a social problem and a product of the disorder of the social situation.