تحلیلی بر چالش‌های توسعه محلی مبتنی بر بازآفرینی اقتصاد پایدار شهری مطالعه موردی: شهر تهران

توسعه محلی، از جمله الگوهای جدید توسعه است که بعد از دهه 1980 بر توانمندسازی جامعه محلی برای ساماندهی امور به دست خودشان تاکید دارد. در این زمینه، الگوی بازآفرینی با رویکرد اقتصاد پایدار می‌تواند بدیل مناسبی برای توسعه مجدد محله‌های ناکارآمد باشد. بااین‌حال به‌کارگیری این رویکرد در شهر تهران، تاکنون عملی نشده و چالش‌های عدیده‌ای در این زمینه وجود دارد که در مطالعه حاضر به آن‌ها پرداخته‌شده است. روش تحقیق این مطالعه، از نوع آمیخته است. داده‌های پژوهش با استفاده از مصاحبه با خبرگان و پیمایش از محله‌های هدف گردآوری شد. جامعه موردمطالعه شامل 31 نفر از خبرگان آشنا به موضوع تحقیق در شهر تهران و 473 نفر از ساکنان محله‌های هدف بود. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها در بخش کیفی با روش «تحلیل محتوای کیفی» و در بخش کمّی با روش «مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری» انجام گردید. بر اساس نتایج مدل آسیب‌شناسی کیفی، چالش‌های توسعه محلی مبتنی بر رویکرد اقتصاد پایدار شهری در قالب 36 مفهوم، 35 مقوله فرعی و 4 مقوله اصلی قابل دسته‌بندی است. نتایج مدل کمّی نیز نشان داد که متغیر «اعتماد به نهادهای مدیریت شهری»، یک متغیر میانجی‌گر مهم است که باعث تقویت مشارکت ساکنان جهت همراهی با نهادهای مدیریت شهری در ساماندهی محله‌ها می‌گردد. درنهایت چنین نتیجه‌گیری شد که الزامات توسعه محلی با رویکرد اقتصاد پایدار شهری در سه محور زیر قابل‌پیگیری است: 1- تقویت نقش و عملکرد عاملین توسعه در سطح نهادی (دولت و نهادهای وابسته به آن)؛ 2- تقویت نقش و عملکرد عاملین توسعه در سطح محلی (اعضای جامعه محلی و ساکنان محله‌های شهری)؛ 3- بومی‌سازی رویکردهای بازآفرینی اقتصاد پایدار شهری منطبق با شرایط محله‌های شهر تهران.

an analysis on the challenges of local development based on the regeneration of the sustainable urban economy the case study of tehran

a b s t r a c tlocal development is one of the new patterns of development that emphasizes the empowerment of the local community after the 1980s to organize their own affairs. in this regard, the model of regeneration with a sustainable economy approach can be a good alternative for the redevelopment of inefficient neighborhoods. however, the application of this approach in tehran has not been implemented so far and there are many challenges in this field that have been addressed in the present study. the research method of this study is mixed. research data were collected using interviews with experts and surveys of target neighborhoods. the study population consisted of 31 experts familiar with the subject of research in tehran and 473 residents of the target neighborhoods. data analysis was performed in the qualitative part by qualitative content analysis method and in the quantitative part by structural equation modeling method. based on the results of the qualitative pathology model, local development challenges based on the sustainable urban economy approach can be classified into 36 concepts, 35 sub-categories and 4 main categories. the results of the quantitative model also showed that the variable trust in urban management institutions is an important mediating variable that strengthens the participation of residents to accompany urban management institutions in organizing neighborhoods. in the end, it was concluded that local development requirements can be pursued with the approach of sustainable urban economy in the following three areas: 1- strengthening the role and performance of development actors at the institutional level (government and its affiliated institutions); 2- strengthening the role and performance of development actors at the local level (members of the local community and residents of urban neighborhoods); 3- localization of approaches to recreation of sustainable urban economy in accordance with the conditions of neighborhoods in tehran extended abstractintroductionlocal development is one of the new patterns of development that emphasizes the empowerment of the local community after the 1980s to organize their affairs. in this regard, the regeneration model with a sustainable economic approach can be a good alternative for the redevelopment of inefficient neighborhoods. however, applying this approach to the development of dysfunctional urban neighborhoods has faced many challenges. in general, the results of existing studies show that most of the development interventions that have been carried out without considering the economic factors and economic empowerment of the residents of the target neighborhoods have been criticized and failed due to the non-participation of residents in the planning process. in fact, the poor financial capacity of the residents of these neighborhoods, on the one hand, reduces their financial participation in redevelopment projects and, on the other hand, deprives them of the possibility of living in those neighborhoods. whereas, if the residents could somehow increase their economic power, they could play a more significant role in local development while living in their neighborhood. considering this pathological perspective, in the present study, by conducting a case study of five neighborhoods of tehran in the central and southern parts of the city, we seek to answer the following question:-what are the challenges facing the realization of local development based on the regeneration of a sustainable urban economy, and how can these challenges be explained? methodologythis study is in the category of explanatory research that has been done by the mixed method. research data were collected from two main sources: 1- interviews with experts familiar with the subject of research in tehran 2- surveys of target neighborhoods. accordingly, the study population consisted of 31 experts familiar with the subject of research in tehran and 473 residents of the target neighborhoods selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method. a sampling of experts was also done by the targeted snowball method. interviews with experts were conducted using semi-structured questions based on a conversational approach the survey of the target neighborhoods was performed using a 5-point likert questionnaire with 23 variables and 69 questions. data analysis was performed in the qualitative part using the method of qualitative content analysis based on open and axial coding techniques and in the quantitative part using the method of structural equation modeling.