ارزیابی میزان سهم عوامل فردی و فضایی در شیوه سفر درون‌شهری مطالعه موردی: شهر رشت

شیوه‌های مختلف سفر به دلیل در پی داشتن هزینه‌های جابجایی و دسترسی، اساس فعالیت‌های اقتصادی و اجتماعی هر شهر بوده و جریان سفر انسان‌ها در شهر برای دسترسی به فعالیت‌ها و خدمات، آن را به یک اندامی زنده تبدیل می‌کند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی روابط درونی اثرگذار بر عوامل فردی و فضایی بر شیوه سفر درون‌شهری شهر رشت است. روش پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر جمع‌آوری داده‌های توصیفی- پیمایشی به شمار می‌رود. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی روابط درونی اثرگذار بر عوامل فردی و فضایی بر شیوه سفر درون‌شهری شهر رشت است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را 21 نفر از خبرگان برنامه‌ریزی شهری و حمل‌ونقل شهری تشکیل می‌دهند. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها در قالب پرسشنامه با 31 عامل که از جدول پیشینه پژوهش مستندسازی و مطرح‌شده است. گویه‌های مورد سوال پژوهش کدگذاری شده و در مرحله بعد از طریق تکنیک دیمتل روابط درونی عوامل موثر شناسایی‌شده، تعیین و درنهایت با تشکیل ماتریس تصمیم‌گیری گروهی شناخت بهتری در مورد عوامل موثر درونی ایجاد می‌شود. همچنین نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از تکنیک دیمتل نشان داد که میزان دسترسی با توجه به هزینه‌های سفر (1.695)، فاصله میان ایستگاه‌ها (1.549)، میزان دسترسی با توجه به فاصله از مرکز شهر (0.628)، میزان دسترسی با توجه به ترافیک (0.254)، میزان تمایل در استفاده از حمل‌ونقل عمومی (0.166)، فاصله بین منزل و مراکز خدماتی-تجاری مهم شهری (0.123) به‌طورقطع تاثیرگذارترین شاخص‌های در ارزیابی شیوه‌های سفر درون‌شهری شهر رشت بوده‌اند.

evaluating the contribution of individual and spatial factors in the method of intra-city travel in the case study of rasht city

a b s t r a c tdifferent ways of travelling are the basis of the economic and social activities of every city due to the costs of transportation and access, and the flow of people’s travel in the city to access activities and services turns it into a living organism. the current research aims to investigate the internal relationships affecting individual and spatial factors on the way of intra-city travel in rasht city. the present research method is considered to be applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-survey data collection. the current research aims to investigate the internal relationships affecting individual and spatial factors on the way of intra-city travel in rasht city. the statistical population of this research consists of 21 urban planning and urban transportation experts. the data collection tool is in the form of a questionnaire with 31 factors documented and presented from the background table of the research. the subjects of the research are coded and in the next step, internal relationships of the effective factors are identified and determined through the dimel technique, finally, by forming a group decision matrix, a better understanding of the internal effective factors is created. also, the results obtained from the dimtel technique showed that the accessibility according to travel costs (1.695), the distance between stations (1.549), the accessibility according to the distance from the city centre (0.628), the accessibility according to traffic (0.254), willingness to use public transportation (0.166), the distance between home and important city service-commercial centres (0.123) were the most influential indicators in evaluating the ways of intra-city travel in rasht cityextended abstractintroductionin the cities of the third world, due to the characteristics and chaotic structure resulting from excessive population growth, it is more tangible and requires basic and infrastructure planning from the city managers. during the past three decades, the city of rasht, as the largest urban center in the southern margin of the caspian sea, has witnessed significant changes in the urban structure and, as a result, changes in transportation and trip methods. changes in communication networks by expanding and opening new axes in the central part and changing the disorderly and chaotic street network of the past into a semi-radial network, replacing single-unit buildings with multi-storey buildings, changing the architectural pattern of buildings, building residential complexes in inside and around the city and the high growth of construction are considered to be important changes in the urban structure in rasht. in addition, like some other cities in the country, rasht has faced two categories of rapid population growth and an increase in the car ownership rate. due to the inappropriate structure of the communication networks, the traffic tolerance capacity of this city has now reached the saturation stage, and the development measures of the communication networks are in no way equal to the rate of increase in automobiles. therefore, today the city of rasht is considered as one of the metropolises of the country, which is not separated from this issue due to the increasing trend of car production and use.  in general, rasht city has two types of textures that are completely different from each other in terms of spatial structure. on the one hand, it has a very compact and dense texture in the central core and old neighborhoods of the city, and on the other hand, it has a completely wide and heterogeneous texture outside this area.   in each of these two types of urban texture, the time, cost, length and way of trip of citizens are different from each other under the influence of density and the way of replacing land uses. therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the internal relationships affecting individual and spatial factors on the way of intra-city trip of rasht. thus, the main research question is as follows:-at what level is the contribution of spatial and individual factors in determining the way of intra-city trip of citizens? methodologythe method of the present research is considered to be applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-survey data collection. the statistical population of this research consists of 21 urban planning and urban transportation experts. the data collection tool is in the form of a questionnaire with 31 factors that have been documented and proposed from the research background. the items in question of the research are coded and in the next step, internal relationships of the effective factors are identified and determined through the dematel technique, and finally, by forming a group decision matrix, a better understanding of the internal effective factors is created. the dematel technique is a comprehensive method for building and analyzing a structural model of relationships between complex and multiple factors on the research target variable. in the dematel technique, quantitative relationships between multiple factors of a problem and the effect of each of them on the other are calculated. in order to determine the intensity of the direct and indirect influence of the factors on each other, it is measured. in order to determine the intensity of the influence of the elements on each other, it is necessary to determine how to score the determined indicators. for this purpose, a questionnaire was designed and experts’ judgments regarding the severity of the effects of elements on each other were questioned. in this research, the intensity of the effects of the elements was ranked from 0 to 4.dematel’s method was first presented by two researchers named fontela and gabos in 1976. this technique is based on pairwise comparisons and is a decision-making tool based on graph theory. this method may confirm the relationships between variables or limit the relationships in a developmental and systematic process.  in other words, this technique determines their influence and importance numerically by examining the mutual relationship between the criteria. the most important feature of dematel’s method is multi-criteria decision-making and its performance in creating relationships and structure between factors. this technique, in addition to converting causal and normal relationships into a structural-visual model, is also able to identify internal dependencies between factors and make them understandable. results and discussionthe results of the classification of individual and spatial factors in the way of intra-city trips have shown that factors c4, c6, c9, c10, c11, and c13 require a high level of concentration compared to factors c1, c2, c3, c5, c7, c8, c12, c14. the factors of the first group interact a lot with other factors and are more important. also, in this group, which is also called the cause group, the factors of accessibility are the most important factors according to the travel costs and the distance between the stations, respectively.