ویژگی‌ها و عناصر فضاهای باز شهری به‌منظور جلب اعتماد مطالعه موردی: محله یوسف‌آباد شهر تهران

هرچه فضای باز شهری به‌عنوان ظرف تعاملات شهری، شرایط مناسب‌تری را برای برقراری روابط اجتماعی موثر اعضای خود فراهم آورد، امکان بیشتری برای رشد اجتماعی و برقراری اعتماد اجتماعی برای ساکنان آن جامعه متصور خواهد بود. این پژوهش باهدف تحلیل و تبیین اثر فضاهای باز شهری بر تعاملات و اعتماد اجتماعی در محله یوسف‌آباد شهر تهران انجام‌شده است. روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و تحلیل عاملی به‌عنوان ابزاری برای سنجش معنی‌داری شاخص‌ها مورداستفاده قرارگرفته است. در مرحله اول مصاحبه با صاحب‌نظران با بهره‌گیری از روش گلوله برفی صورت گرفت و تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری با 10 نفر از خبرگان ادامه یافت. سپس به‌منظور یافتن مفاهیم کلیدی با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا، کدگذاری‌های باز و محوری انجام شد. در دو دور دلفی، خبرگان پرسشنامه محقق ساخت را پاسخ دادند. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از پرسشنامه، تحت تحلیل عامل q قرار گرفت و چهار طبقه‌بندی از آن به دست آمد که زمینه را برای تدوین جدول هدف-محتوا برای تنظیم پرسشنامه کاربران فضا فراهم کرد. در مرحله دوم با توجه به فرمول کلاین بر اساس تعداد سوالات پرسشنامه کاربران، حجم نمونه در حدود نفر 190 محاسبه گردید. کاربران فضا با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری تصادفی و خوشه‌ای مورد پرسش قرارگرفته و داده‌ها در نرم‌افزار spss نسخه 22 با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی r ارزیابی‌شده‌اند. یافته‌ها و نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که هشت عاملِ شناسایی‌شده شامل؛ اجتماع‌پذیری، تنوع فضایی، آسایش کالبدی و اقلیمی، رابطه تعامل و اعتماد اجتماعی با تامین نیازهای محیطی، شناخت پذیری، دسترسی‌پذیری پیاده، انعطاف فضایی و آسایش روانی با شکل‌گیری چرخه بر اعتماد اجتماعی تاثیرگذار هستند.

characteristics and elements of urban open spaces based on social trust model to enhance social interactions a case study the yousef-abad neighborhood

the more the urban open space, as a container of urban interactions, provide more suitable conditions for the establishment of effective social relations among its members, the greater the possibility for social growth and the establishment of social trust for the residents of that society. this research was conducted to analyze and explain the effect of urban open spaces on interactions and social trust in the yousefabad neighborhood of tehran. the present research method is descriptive-analytical and factor analysis is used as a tool to measure the significance of indicators. in the first stage, interviews with experts were conducted using the snowball method and continued until reaching theoretical saturation with 10 experts. then, to find key concepts using the content analysis method, open and axial coding was done. in two delphi rounds, the experts answered the researcher’s questionnaire. the results obtained from the questionnaire were subjected to the q factor analysis and four classifications were obtained from it, which provided the basis for compiling the objective-content table for setting up the questionnaire of space users. in the second step, according to klein’s formula, based on the number of questions in the users’ questionnaire, the sample size was calculated to be around 190 people. space users were questioned using random and cluster sampling and data were evaluated in spss version 22 software using r factor analysis. the findings and results of the research show that the eight identified factors include; sociability, spatial diversity, physical and climatic comfort, the relationship of interaction and social trust with providing environmental needs, recognizability, pedestrian accessibility, spatial flexibility, and psychological comfort with the formation of a cycle influence social trustextended abstractintroductionthe importance of public spaces and their impact on improving the quality of urban life as the most accessible urban spaces, is increasingly understood and manifested every day. creating connections and, as a result, social interactions are among the most important activities that take place in urban open spaces and potentially provide the ability to influence social trust. as a container of urban interactions, the more urban open spaces provide the best conditions for effective social relations of people, the more opportunities for social growth and the establishment of social trust for the inhabitants of that community. statistics in our country show that social trust is declining at the national level as well as in the city of tehran and its neighbourhoods. this indicates the low efficiency of social foundations that have not been able to find a proper place due to the changes and developments of the modern era. on the other hand, the failure of many urban programs to achieve goals is due to a lack of trust and, as a result, low public participation in the design, implementation, and evaluation of programs. the trend of urban development in big cities shows that residential neighborhoods have been exposed to losing of their long-standing personality and identity due to weak development. and the shortcomings that have been forgotten in recent decades need to be remedied. yousef-abad is one of the traditional neighbourhoods of tehran metropolis, and since a large part of the population is old ones, it is predicted that the possibility of social interactions between citizens in the open spaces of this neighbourhood is more than other ones. this research aims to measure the impact of physical-spatial indicators on the level of trust and social participation of citizens in this neighbourhood.