تبیین دل‌بستگی به مکان در فضاهای سبز شهری مطالعه مورد: فضاهای سبز شهر رفسنجان

فضاهای سبز شهری به‌مثابه کانون‌های سبز و طبیعی‌اند که انسان امروز شاید برای گریز از محیط پرهیاهوی شهری به آن‌ها پناه می‌آورد. هرچند همین جذابیت‌ها در برخی موارد سبب شده که این فضاهای سبز ارزشمند، دچار تغییر و تحولات نامطلوبی بعضاً ناشی از ساخت‌وسازهای سرمایه گرایانه شوند. پژوهش حاضر باهدف تببین دل‌بستگی به مکان در فضاهای سبز شهری نوشته شد. این پژوهش ازنظر هدف کاربردی و ازنظر روش توصیفیتحلیلی است. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها در این پژوهش پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود که به‌منظور بررسی پایایی چندین بار توسط اساتید و کارشناسان مورد بازبینی قرار گرفت و به‌منظور بررسی روایی پرسشنامه از روش ترکیبی و آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد که نتایج نشان‌دهنده روایی موردقبول ابزار گردآوری پژوهش است. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر را شهروندان ساکن شهر رفسنجان مشتمل بر 161909 نفر می‌باشد. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 384 نفر برآورد گردید که به‌منظور اطمینان بیشتر تعداد 400 پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری شد. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها و اطلاعات از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری مبتنی بر روش حداقل مربعات جزئی در محیط نرم‌افزار pls استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که ازنظر دل‌بستگی به مکان محدوده موردمطالعه در وضعیت نامطلوبی قرار دارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت‌های مکان تاثیر مثبت و معناداری بر دل‌بستگی به مکان دارد، ضریب مسیر به‌دست‌آمده برابر با 0.598 بود. از دیگر نتایج این پژوهش آن بود که مولفه‌های فعالیت‌های مکان عملکرد مکان، حضور پذیری، زیبایی بصری، مشارکت‌پذیری مکان و قابلیت‌های مکان بر دل‌بستگی به مکان تاثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد از بین مولفه‌های استخراج‌شده قابلیت مکان با ضریب مسیر 0.406 دارای بیشترین تاثیر و شاخص مشارکت‌پذیری مکان با ضریب مسیر 0.111 دارای کمترین تاثیر بر دل‌بستگی به مکان در فضاهای سبز شهری بود.

The Explanation of Place Attachment in Urban Green SpacesGreen spaces of Rafsanjan

Extended AbstractIntroductionSpace, is an inseparable phenomenon of human life, it connects leaving worlds in terms of spatial and environmentally and it creates the Core meaning, destination and human behaviour. Space is the main part of the inhabitant’s identity the space is not only a shelter for human activities but also its a phenomenon that human gives it meaning and get used to it by communication, in the way that he knows himself by it. One of the main issues that contemporary urban planning in Iran and especially Rafsanjan City have been faced with is just paying attention to preconceived plans and designs without noticing to city’s spatial soul and character. On the other hand, this issue is completely changing to qualities and contextualism but in our country by considering that this urban designs have not dissected by knowing components of mentally and behavioural of people with their environment yet, so it is necessary that this kind of project getting done especially for contexts that are in the direct relation with people’s social life. Rafsanjan’s park are not only an important and social space for shaping social connections and social parts for inhabitants but also they are only space with this efficiency, so any design activity in this area should happen with special attention to important and meaningful compliment and environmental psychology. Therefore, the necessity of existing projects like the current project is clear for urban planning vision. So this project is about answering the question: Do place activities and components have an effect on place attachment?  MethodologyThis research’s goal is practical and its method is descriptive analytical. Collecting data for project was from two ways that are documentary library and field library and the main analysis is based on information that was collected by the questionnaire. The data collection tool was a researcher made questionnaire, that was reviewed several times by Professors and experts for reliability evaluating.And for validity evaluation of questionnaire combine methods and Cronbach’s alpha were used, that its result is in the reflected and indicates validity data part are accepted by collecting data tool. The statistical society of this research are citizens of Rafsanjan that are about 161909 people. Sample size was estimated 384 people by Cochran’s formula and for being more sure 400 questionnaires were collected. In order to analyzing data and information structural equivalence modeling based on the metal of minimal details in software environment SmartPLS get used.  Results and discussionAccording to the result the average of component of the link between human and place is 2.80 and in comparison with theoretical average (3) is low and due to the meaningful level although is Lower than 0.01 so we can generalize the results of statistical sample to statistical society because we are more than 99% sure about the result, So the gained average for this indicator is lower than average, so we can say that the situation of this indicator is lower than average limit.  Identity indicator has 2.50 average and although phantasm indicator has 2.77 average. Because this average has gained from meaningful level, average difference is meaningful too.   According to the low level of the gained average from the average situation of these indicators this is not satisfying in our study area.  The gained average for safe and correct perception of space is 3.23 so that the gained average is a higher than the theoretical average that is 3 and this average difference has gained from meaningful level and we can generalize this gained result of statistical sample to statistical society because we are sure about the gained result more than 99%. Related to the main gain average for place attachment variable that is 2.84, this number is lower than theoretical average so this study area is not satisfying situation from place attachment vision. Also according to the obtained level of significant which is less than the value of the desired level of significant that is 0.05 so we can generalize the gained result to statistical society. Studying the affection of place activities on place attachment that the value of T is 13.762 is greater than 1.96 and it be considered that the place activities on place attachment has a significant effect.  Also the obtained path is equal to (β = 0.598), and obtained path coefficient is positive, this effect is directed.  Therefore, it can be said that place activities for place attachment has significant and positive affect and from all components the location capability has the greatest effect of place attachment. ConclusionPlace attachment is coming from activities and transaction between human and place, and also, between humans in a special place and it related to mutual emotions affect, knowledge, believes and behaviour with special place.The gained result of searching the study area in the place attachment and its indicators shows that among all the indicators for place attachment just the correct and safe perception data space indicator from Space is in the satisfying level and the other indicators of place attachments aren’t in the satisfying level.The gained data from this research have a significant and positive impact on place attachment. According to the gained number which was 0/598 we can consider that this impact is in the average level.On the other side, it can be said that place activities can predict 35.7% of place attachment variance.  Studying the effect of components was shown that all the five components that are related to place activities have a significant and positive effect on place attachment.  Among all the identified components the capability of place component with path coefficient had the greatest effect after that visual beauty component with 0.268 path coefficient had the greatest effect.