ارائه مدل توزیع عادلانه خدمات شهری مبتنی بر عدالت اجتماعی مطالعه موردی: منطقه 11 شهر تهران

یکی از چالش‌های عمده شهرها، توزیع ناعادلانه خدمات شهری است و عدالت اجتماعی به‌عنوان یکی از معیارهای اصلی توسعه در شهرها بر توزیع عادلانه خدمات تاکید دارد. در منطقه 11 تهران علی‌رغم وجود مراکز حیاتی کشور، توزیع خدمات شهری به‌صورت عادلانه صورت نگرفته، که موجب ناهمگونی‌هایی در قسمت‌های مختلف منطقه شده است. توزیع نابرابر خدمات در منطقه 11 شهر تهران به علت بی‌توجهی به عدالت اجتماعی، در حال حاضر یکی از چالش‌های مدیریت شهری در پاسخگویی به نیاز شهروندان است. بنابراین به‌منظور کاهش بحران‌های ناشی از بی‌عدالتی و حرکت در راستای توسعه؛ تحقق عدالت اجتماعی شهری به‌منظور توزیع هر چه عادلانه‌تر خدمات امری ضروری است. در این پژوهش سعی شده است تا از طریق روش توصیفی-تحلیلی به گردآوری معیارهای استاندارد در دو حوزه عدالت اجتماعی و خدمات شهری پرداخته شود و به‌وسیله مدل‌سازی در نرم‌افزار smart pls، مدل توزیع عادلانه خدمات شهری مبتنی بر عدالت اجتماعی ارائه شود. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که در حالت اجرای مدل در مرتبه اول، سه معیار تفاوت، آزادی و فرصت برابر به ترتیب با ضریب مسیر 0/886، 0/868 و 0/828 بیشترین تاثیر را در تحقق عدالت اجتماعی و به‌طور غیرمستقیم تاثیر در توزیع عادلانه خدمات شهری دارا می‌باشند و به‌طورکلی متغیر مستقل عدالت اجتماعی با ضریب مسیر 0/788 تاثیر مستقیم قابل‌ملاحظه‌ای در عملی شدن توزیع عادلانه خدمات شهری دارد. همچنین در حالت اجرای مدل در مرتبه دوم، معیارهای فرصت برابر، آزادی و تفاوت به ترتیب با ضرایب 0/516، 0/471 و 0/393 بیشترین تاثیر مستقیم را در توزیع عادلانه خدمات شهری دارند. بنابراین ضروری است در راستای تمرکز بر محرومان جامعه در بهره‌گیری از منفعت، رعایت حقوق و آزادی‌های فردی و دسترسی برابر و یکسان به فرصت‌ها و امکانات گام اساسی برداشته شود.

Equitable Distribution Model of Urban Services Based on Social JusticeCase Study: District 11, Tehran

Extended Abstract Introduction City is a social and physical phenomenon that is under the pressure of constant development and many quantitative and qualitative changes take place in it. In the late 1960s, urban planning shifted toward social justice due to increasing urban conflicts in Western societies so that it was extremely successful in creating balance in them. Justice is not only a general principle but also a comparative concept related to the relationships between individuals and the relative socioeconomic conditions and their living environment. Geographically, the city’s social justice is synonymous with a fair distribution of space and facilities between different urban areas and equal access to citizens, and their unfair distribution will lead to social crises and diverse spatial problems. In the discussions of eliminating discrimination, equality, paying attention to the weak sections, development and stability of any urban society, social justice and its realization in the city by strengthening its indicators play a key role. In fact, with the manifestation of social justice in the distribution of urban services in the form of distributive justice, it can be ensured that equal opportunities will be available in society and the balance that development seeks to achieve with emphasis on sustainability for any urban community is realized. Unequal distribution of services in the 11th district of Tehran due to the lack of attention to social justice is currently one of the challenges of urban management in responding to citizens. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to provide an appropriate model for the distribution of urban services taking into account all its dimensions and based on the realization of social justice by focusing on its standard indicators. So, the main research question is as follows: What is the model of fair distribution of social justicebased urban services?   Methodology The present research is applieddevelopmental and descriptiveanalytical one. The required information was collected through library and field methods by using of a questionnaire. At first, theoretical concepts were explained in order to clarify the issue, and next the criteria of urban services (7 ones) and social justice (6 ones) were determined according to the views of experts. Then, a questionnaire consisting of 41 items was designed, which was provided to 7 experts to assess its validity and was approved. Cronbach’s alpha was used for the reliability of the questionnaire, which was obtained above 0.8 for all items and was therefore acceptable. The statistical population of the present study includes the residents of district 11 of Tehran, which according to the Statistics Center of Iran in 2016 is 308176 people and the statistical sample size was calculated through Cochran’s formula and 384 people were obtained. The sampling method is simple random. Finally, SPSS and Smart PLS software programs have been used to review descriptive statistics and analyze the collected data and provide a model of equitable distribution of urban services based on social justice.   Results and discussion In order to analyze the final criteria, after entering the latent variables (main variables and criteria related to each) and obvious (indicators or questions) and drawing the model in Smart PLS software; the final model was analyzed in two ways of estimating the standard and significance of coefficients. Also, for a more detailed study, the model was implemented in the second time, which examines the impact of each of the social justice indicators on the fair distribution of urban services. The Cronbach’s alpha value, the combined reliability, correlation of Spearman and the common reliability value must be above 0.7 and 0.5, respectively. Also, if the CR> AVE condition is firmed, the validity of the model is confirmed. Therefore, according to the obtained results, all the coefficients have the mentioned conditions and the model has reliability and validity. Based on the results of significance test and path analysis in the first and second order of the model, the path of social justice (first order) and all 6 indicators (second order) on the fair distribution of municipal services, according to the amount of tvalue outside the range of 1.96 And 1.96 and the values of Sig   Conclusion One of the most important and fundamental factors in the equitable distribution of urban services is the realization of social justice. In fact, it can be said that the fair distribution of services in metropolitan areas depends directly on the realization of social justice, and in the light of the implementation of its criteria, it is properly implemented. Important point that can be seen in the findings is that the three factors of difference, freedom and equal opportunity that have the greatest impact, both directly and indirectly on the equitable distribution of urban services, which in addition to showing the importance of them in the realization of social justice in the equitable distribution of urban services, indicates that the main emphasis and focus should be on the view of John Rawls and observance of the three mentioned principles by him.