ارزیابی محله پایدار شهری با ساختمان‌های صفر انرژی در محله ولی‌عصر تبریز

بیش از 40 درصد از انرژی مصرفی جهان در بخش ساختمان به مصرف می‌رسد و بر مبنای گزارش‌های اخیر دپارتمان انرژی آمریکا در سال 2015 میلادی این عدد روبه افزایش است. ازاین‌رو، تغییر رویکرد در طراحی ساختمان ضرورت یافته و طراحان ملزم به یافتن راهکارهای نوین به‌منظور حفاظت و بهره‌وری انرژی هستند. تلاش برای تحقق ساختمان انرژی صفر ازجمله اقدامات اخیر طراحان و برنامه ریزان در مواجهه با بحران انرژی محسوب می‌شود که منجر به خلق مجموعه از راهکارها و استراتژی‌های نوین و گهگاه برگرفته از معماری بومی مناطق شده است. با این رویکرد بررسی مصرف انرژی ساختمان‌های شهری (به‌ویژه گرمایش، سرمایش و روشنایی)‌، میزان کاربرد استراتژی‌های گرمایش/ سرمایش غیرفعال، آسایش حرارتی فضای داخلی/ خارجی پوسته و نمای ساختمان‌ها و هم‌چنین بهینه‌سازی عملکرد انرژی ساختمان شهری بسیار مهم و حیاتی است. هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر ارزیابی محله پایدار شهری با بازیافت مصالح ساختمانی در ساختمان‌های صفر انرژی در محله ولی‌عصر تبریز می‌باشد. تحقیق حاضر به‌صورت توصیفی – تحلیلی و پیمایشی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری شامل جمعیت ولی‌عصر شهر تبریز 98522 نفر می‌باشد که حجم نمونه 382 نفر از طریق فرمول کوکران به دست آمد. برای پایایی سوالات از آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد که برابر 0/87 به دست آمد. و برای مقایسه شاخص‌ها از روش وزن دهی آنتروپی استفاده شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات و از نرم‌افزار spss استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد در بین شاخص‌های مطرح‌شده به ترتیب شاخص‌های، افزایش زیبایی محیط با میانگین 0/85، و کاهش ضایعات مصالح 0/80 بیشترین تقلیل هزینه‌ها با میانگین 0/40، پایین‌ترین رتبه را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. و در نهایت بین محله پایدار با ساختمان‌های صفر انرژی که با مصالح بازیافتی ساخته‌شده‌اند در محله ولی‌عصر شهر تبریز رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد.

Evaluation of Urban Sustainable Neighbourhood with Zero Energy Buildings in Valiasr Neighbourhood of Tabriz

Extended AbstractIntroductionAt the beginning of the twentieth century, many cities needed planning and design to improve their living conditions due to the Industrial Revolution. Many ideas came up in this regard, one of the most interesting ideas was the attention of designers and planners of the idea of neighbourhood units, which was put forward by Clarence Perry. On the other hand, according to the United Nations, by 2050, nearly 70% of the world’s population will live in these cities. The rapid growth of cities, which leads to major problems in the development of most countries in the world. As population growth and urbanization increase, there is an urgent need to improve living and social conditions in today’s neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood are considered to be the most important urban element that creates social and economic stability of urban areas, and provides and perpetuates social ties. A neighbourhood is considered sustainable when it meets the criteria of sustainability in relation to environmental construction, urban design and architecture. One of the efforts of sustainable neighborhoods is to reduce pollution and energy consumption in buildings. On the other hand, the advancement of science and technology, in addition to many achievements for human comfort and wellbeing, has always brought problems for human beings. In this context, the two major crises that threaten the future of humanity are the issue of energy and the depletion of fossil energy sources, and the other is the destructive and polluting effects of the environment due to the improper use of these fuels. All these issues and problems lead to reduce the aggravation of these destructive effects. This can be solved by reducing energy consumption and replacing it with clean and renewable energy, especially in buildings and housing that consume large amounts of energy in neighbourhood, and with these approaches, costs can be reduced through recycling of building materials and energy consumption significantly decreased. MethodologyThe present research is descriptive, analytical and surveying. Data collection is a library and field. A questionnaire was used to collect information from observational studies. The statistical population of the present study is the population of Valiasr neighbourhood of Tabriz, 98522 people. The sample size was obtained through Cochran’s formula which was equal to 382 people. The sampling method is simple random. The Likert scale was used to answer the respondents and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was exerted for the validity of the questions which was equal to 0.87. Shannon entropy weighting technique and Pearson correlation coefficient method were also exploited to analyze the data, which was obtained through SPSS software. The used questionnaire in this research consists of two general sections, the first of which deals with personal and general characteristics. The second part includes the main indicators and items of the research. Results and discussionTo evaluate sustainable neighbourhoods with zero energy buildings by recycling waste in Valiasr neighbourhood of Tabriz in order to reduce pollution, save energy, create welfare, security and sustainability in the environment, the indicators were studied and the considered indicators are reflected in the form of a questionnaire. Using SPSS software, the average and ranking of indicators have been discussed. Among the proposed indicators, increasing the beauty of the environment with an average of 0.85, and reducing recyclable building materials with an average of 0.80, respectively, have the highest rank, and cost reduction with an average of 0.40, has the lowest rank. Regression test was used to evaluate the sustainable neighbourhoods with zero energy building by recycling waste in Valiasr neighbourhood of Tabriz in order to reduce pollution, save energy, create welfare, security and stability in the environment. Based on the level of significance obtained 0.000, there is a significant and positive relationship between sustainable neighbourhoods with zero energy building with waste recycling in Valiasr neighbourhood of Tabriz in order to reduce pollution, save energy, create welfare, security and stability in the environment. ConclusionTheories and approaches to urban planning encourage design principles to improve the planning process and the sustainability of cities. They encourage citizens to take responsibility for maintaining, changing and transforming their neighbourhood. Neighbourhoods should be compact, friendly, beautiful and attractive with mixed land uses and without pollution and reduce energy consumption with lowenergy buildings (zero energy). Today, due to the expansion of urbanization, neighbourhoods face challenges and urban threats, which have environmental, social and economic effects on any future development. Therefore, the neighbourhood design process is essential to achieve sustainability. As a result of the dependence of human life on nonrenewable energy sources in today’s world, we are witnessing more than ever the destruction and pollution of the environment. The use of zero energy buildings and recycling of materials and waste in urban areas can help the sustainability of neighbourhoods and reduce pollution in them.