تبیین مدل مفهومی توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان مبتنی بر رویکرد مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری مورد پژوهی: کلان‌شهر تهران

ظهور جامعه شبکه‌ای و پدیده اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان، چشم‌انداز نوینی تحت عنوان «توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان» را پیش‌روی برنامه‌ریزی و توسعه شهری گشوده است. این گرایش جدید، کلان‌شهرهای کشور و به‌ویژه تهران را نیز ناگریز از گذار به‌سوی اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان کرده است. در این راستا، هدف مقاله حاضر ارائه تبیین توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان در کلان‌شهر تهران مبتنی است. پژوهش از نظر هدف توسعه‌ای -کاربردی، گردآوری اطلاعات از نوع مطالعات اسنادی و مصاحبه‌های تخصصی با 20 نفر از خبرگان و به‌صورت دلفی است. 11 عامل موثر بر وضعیت آینده توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان کلان‌شهر تهران در 4 بعد اقتصادی، نهادی، اجتماعی - فرهنگی و کالبدی -محیطی احصاء شده که با متدولوژی تحلیلی نوین مدل‌سازی ساختاری -تفسیری (ism) روابط تحلیل ‌شده است. دستاورد اصلی پژوهش طراحی مدل مفهومی در چهار سطح و سه لایه است، یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که در لایه اول (سطح چهارم) عوامل پایه‌ای شامل مولفه‌های سرمایه انسانی، مکان دانش و دانش انسانی به ترتیب با قدرت نفوذ 10 و 9 و 8 دارای بیشترین تاثیر و در واقع برانگیزاننده توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان در کلان‌شهر تهران به شمار می‌روند. لایه دوم شامل عوامل ساختاری، یعنی مولفه‌های فناوری و ارتباطات، تعامل و تبادل دانش، سرمایه فرهنگی و سرمایه اجتماعی در سطح دوم به شمار می‌روند و مولفه‌های اقتصاد دانش‌محور، مدیریت دانش و کیفیت محیط کالبدی و فعالیتی شهری در سطح سوم است که از بین آن‌ها دو مولفه سرمایه اجتماعی و تعامل و تبادل دانش با میزان 9 دارای بیشترین وابستگی به سایر مولفه‌ها هستند، لایه سوم غایت توسعه شهری دانش‌بنیان است که شامل مولفه سطح اول یعنی دستیابی به مکانی پایدار و با کیفیت برای زندگی و با میزان قدرت 1، کمترین نفوذ را دارا است، لذا در نهایت بایستی اولویت‌دهی به این پیش برنده‌های کلیدی در تدوین راهبرد اصلی آینده دانش‌بنیان تهران از طریق شالوده اسناد فرادست و محتوی طرح‌های برنامه‌ریزی فراهم آید.

Explaining the Conceptual Model of KnowledgeBased Urban Development Based on Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach Case Study: Tehran Metropolis

Extended Abstract IntroductionRecently, studies show that in Iran, measures have been taken to achieve knowledgebased development, but due to lack of understanding of the concept of knowledge assets and its resources, the nature of knowledge development and its pattern is not clear. There is no written plan to move towards the urban development of knowledgebased people, and in the meantime, Tehran metropolis is facing major challenges in achieving the development of knowledgebased people, in fact due to the lack of formal institutions specific action plans, knowledgebased urban development with the efficiency of a specific legal agenda, has never had an executive guarantee. On the other hand, considering the effects of the knowledge period on the spatial structure of Tehran and taking advantage of the opportunities of the knowledge period and knowledge economy in the development process of Tehran and coordination with the global trend, the need to address how to establish knowledgebased urban development in Tehran city justifies. In view of the above, the main problem of research is neglect and insufficient attention to the main driving engine such as knowledge as valuecreating capital and attention to knowledgebased urban development as an alternative to contemporary urban development through capacity measurement to create knowledge, innovation and creativity in order to achieve the city of knowledge. According to what has been said, the main purpose of the research is to present a conceptual model of explaining the knowledgebased urban development in Tehran, based on the interpretive structural modeling approach. MethodologyThis research is applieddevelopmental in terms of purpose and in terms of method is in the category of descriptiveanalytical research. Data collection is based on documentary studies and also in the form of content analysis and specialized interviews with experts (Delphi). The data collection tool is a questionnaire that creates the ISM method for purposeful sampling. The statistical population includes professors and PhD students in urban planning of the University of Science and Technology, Research Sciences and North Tehran, of which a sample of 20 is considered. To assess the validity of the extracted indices, the Delphi technique was used. For this purpose, a questionnaire with 18 proportional indices was designed and the panel members were asked to vote on the appropriateness of the appropriate components with Tehran city based on the Likert scale. The results were analyzed by SPSS software which based on this, finally 11 components have an average higher than 3.Results and discussionAfter identifying the main and effective components on the knowledgebased urban development based on content analysis, 11 components have been selected based on the Delphi technique appropriate to Tehran metropolis. The modeling process includes steps as following:1Formation of structural selfinteraction matrix, in this step, experts were asked to examine the relationship between the components in pairs.2Formation of access matrix, the initial access matrix is obtained by converting the selfinteractive structural matrix into a dual value matrix (zeroone).3Leveling and modeling the factors affecting the urban development of Tehran metropolitan scholars, in the ISM graph, the interrelationships and influence between the components and the relationship of the components of different levels are visible.This model is designed in four levels and three layers. The first layer (fourth level) is related to the basic factors of knowledgebased urban development in Tehran metropolis, which includes human capital, place of knowledge and human knowledge. The second layer includes the structural features of knowledgebased urban development in Tehran metropolis, which includes the components of the third and second levels. The third level includes the components of knowledgebased economy, knowledge management and quality of physical environment and urban activities. The second level includes technology and communication, knowledge interaction and exchange, infrastructure, cultural capital and social capital, and finally the third layer is the goal of knowledgebased urban development, which includes the first level component of achieving a sustainable and quality place to live. ConclusionThis research provides a new insight and knowledge of the nature of knowledgebased urban development in Tehran metropolis, which identifies the priorities for action in the decisionmaking space. Factors affecting the future of knowledgebased urban development in Tehran metropolis are classified into four levels. In the ISM graph, the interrelationships and influence between the components and the relationship of the components of different levels are visible, which leads to a better understanding of the decisionmaking space. The results of the article show that in terms of penetration power, the two components of human capital and human knowledge with the influence of 10 and 9, respectively, have the highest influence and impact, and are considered as stimulus or motivator of knowledgebased urban development in Tehran. In contrast, the component of environmental sustainability with a power level of 1 has the least influence on achieving knowledgebased urban development in Tehran. Also, the two components of social capital and knowledge interaction and exchange with a rate of 9 have the highest dependence on other components. In other words, many factors are involved in creating and promoting these components, and they can be less likely to change and influence the achievement of knowledgebased urban development in Tehran metropolis. On the other hand, a review of the results obtained from other researchers also confirms the accuracy and correctness of the research’s results and the following can be summarized in the form of suggestions:1: Knowledgebased culture, 2: Knowledge market 3: KnowledgeBased management, 4: KnowledgeBased activities, 5: Development of innovation centers and other necessary institutions, 6: Entrepreneurial university, 7: Continuous innovation, 8: Consider startups and role of science and technology parks in the upstream documents. 9: Realize entrepreneurial governance.