بررسی و تحلیل تطبیقی اثرات شاخص‌های پایداری در محلات شهری مطالعه موردی: شهر جدید رودیان

توسعه شهرهای کوچک همواره به‌عنوان یکی از سیاست‌های عمده در امر برنامه‌ریزی کشورهای درحال‌توسعه بوده است. تحلیل شاخص‌های پایداری محلات شهری برای برنامه‌ریزان شهری امری مهم تلقی می‌گردد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر سنجش و تحلیل سطح پایداری کالبدی، اقتصادی، زیستی، اجتماعی و امنیتی محلات شهری می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر ازنظر هدف، کاربردی بوده و روش بررسی آن توصیفی تحلیلی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه افراد ساکن در شهر رودیان، در سال 1395 بود که از بین آن‌ها 359 نفر از افراد به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب گردیدند. بدین‌جهت یک نمونه اولیه شامل 40 پرسشنامه در بین جامعه موردنظر پیش‌آزمون گردید و سپس با استفاده از داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده از این پرسشنامه‌ها و به کمک نرم‌افزار آماری spss میزان ضریب اعتماد با روش آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه گردید. این روش هماهنگی درونی ابزار اندازه‌گیری خصیصه‌های مختلف را ارزیابی می‌کند. در ادامه به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های حاصل از عملیات میدانی از آزمون آماری t تک نمونه‌ای برای سنجش وضعیت پایداری، از تحلیل واریانس برای مقایسه گویه‌ها در قالب نرم‌افزار spss و از مدل‌های تصمیم‌گیری ترکیبی waspas جهت رتبه‌بندی استفاده‌شده است. از یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌توان به این نتیجه رسید که محلات شهر رودیان ازنظر شاخص‌های توسعه پایدار محله‌ای متفاوت می‌باشند، شاخص‌های پایداری می‌تواند در ساماندهی محلات شهری اثرگذار باشد، محلات شهر رودیان ازنظر جمعیت و مساحت تفاوت‌های قابل‌ملاحظه‌ای با یکدیگر دارند و با شناخت مشکلات محلات و بهبود بخشیدن به آن‌ها و با قوت بخشیدن به شاخص‌های محله‌ای می‌توان به ساماندهی مناطق شهر دست‌یافت. نتایج این بررسی نشان می‌دهند عوامل اجتماعی کالبدی در توانمند کردن محلات شهر رودیان نقش بسزایی دارند بنابراین رشد امنیت، خدمات، کیفیت زندگی، مشارکت و دسترسی در این محلات درگرو سامان‌دهی کالبدی آن‌ها است که در جریان آن راهبرد توانمند کردن اجراشدنی است.

Comparative Study and Analysis of the Effects of Neighborhood Sustainability Indicators Case Study: New City of Rudian

Extended AbstractIntroductionThe development of small cities has always been one of the major policies in the planning of developing countries. Analysis of urban neighborhoods sustainability indicators, is considered important for urban planners. In the field of urban planning, the concept of a smart sustainable city is often defined as an ideological dimension dependent on strategic directions in order to find an appropriate balance between territories and human societies through information and communication technology and behavioral changes. Sustainable development is one that can continue in the longtime without harming the environment. Sustainable urban development refers to the balance between the various urban social and environmental dimensions and their simultaneous development. Neighborhood as the most vital cell in the framework of the city, is identified by the connection and cohesion of cultural, social, economic, religious and environmental elements, which in most cases, attention to the factor of social livability is neglected with limited consideration to economic and environmental ones in it.  Urban neighborhoods always have a dynamic and evolving concept which have to adapt to professional and theoretical contexts. Neighborhoodbased planning in the city of Rudian is a way to achieve the sustainability of the city. The most sustainable urban neighborhoods are ones that are formed in all aspects of sustainability based on environmental, social and economic conditions and the needs of the local community. Therefore, the issue of sustainability is one of the most important subjects in urban planning. Urban sustainable development is a more manageable and achievable concept through neighborhood sustainable development. MethodologyThe present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and its method is based on descriptiveanalytical. In this research, first library studies (articles, books, reports) were performed to identify dimensions and components, and then field surveys were conducted as a questionnaire in the framework of dimensions. In order to analyze the obtained data from field operations, onesample ttest was used to measure the stability, analysis of variance was applied to compare items in the form of SPSS software and the WASPAS combined decision model was also exploited. The statistical population of the study included all people living in the city of Rudian, in 2016, from which 359 people were selected by available sampling and then, according to the proportion of the population of each neighborhood of the total population of the city, the same amount of sample has been allocated. In this study, Cronbach’s alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the test. This method is used to calculate the internal consistency of a measuring instrument that evaluates various properties. Results and discussionIt can be said that there is a significant difference in stability between neighborhood areas of Rudian city in residential textures. The findings showed that only Sarghanat and Deh Bala neighborhoods are relatively stable in terms of security in Rudian and other neighborhoods are unstable. Also, all neighborhoods of Rudian city are in an unstable situation in terms of social, economic and environmental dimensions. In addition, Sarghanat and Deh Bala neighborhoods of Rudian city are physically stable and other neighborhoods are unstable in this regard. ConclusionEnvironmental, social and economic issues and problems in cities emphasize the need to achieve sustainable development. But to achieve this, it is important to measure the position and distance of the city from the ideal and model of sustainable development. In the current situation, the organic balance between the social system and the physical structure of the city and the incompatibility between them caused problems. If in the past, urban units of the neighborhood type provided the possibility of belonging or dependence or conditions of connection of the individual with the living environment, in recent times urban development with latent and observed demographic, social, technical and other variables to weaken or destroy these relationships. So that in addition to poverty and deprivation in slum areas, the contexts of emotional and psychological erosion of individuals on the one hand and the reduction of spatial belongings on the other hand are intensifying every day. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the neighborhoods of Rudian are different in terms of neighborhood sustainable development indicators. Sustainability indicators can be effective on organizing urban neighborhoods. The neighborhoods of Rudian city have significant differences in terms of population and area, and by recognizing the problems of the neighborhoods and improving them, and by strengthening the neighborhood indicators, it is possible to organize the city areas. The results of this study show that sociophysical factors play an important role in empowering the neighborhoods of Rudian, so the growth of security, services, quality of life, participation and access in these neighborhoods depends on their physical organization during which the empowerment strategy is feasible.