تبیین عوامل موثر بر سرزندگی فضای عمومی مطالعه موردی: چهارراه ولیعصر شهر تهران

مفاهیمی که میان‌رشته‌ای هستند با توجه به اینکه رویکردهای نظری مختلفی بر آن‌ها حاکم می‌باشند، در حوزه‌های گوناگون تلقی‌های متفاوت از آن‌ها می‌شود. سرزندگی جزء این‌گونه مفاهیم است که در علوم روان‌شناسی، جامعه‌شناسی، جغرافیا، برنامه‌ریزی و طراحی شهری دیدگاه‌های نظری و رویه‌های مختلفی برای آن وجود دارد. این امر لزوم توجه به متغیرهای گوناگون را در فرایندهای ایجاد سرزندگی فضاهای عمومی ایجاب می‌نماید که در مبانی علمی و رویه‌های مدیریت شهری، به‌صورت جامع و با لحاظ نمودن متغیرهای مختلفی که عوامل زیربنایی سرزندگی را تبیین نماید، موردتوجه واقع نشده است. در این راستا سوال پژوهش حاضر عبارت است از: چه عواملی به‌صورت زیربنایی و بنیادی بر سرزندگی فضای عمومی موثر هستند و چارچوب مدل مفهومیعملیاتی ایجاد سرزندگی در فضاهای عمومی چگونه است؟ هدف پژوهش، ارائه چارچوب مناسب و کارآمد به‌منظور بهبود و ارتقاء سرزندگی فضاهای عمومی می‌باشد. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف از نوع بنیادیکاربردی است و رویکرد روش‌شناسی آن بر مبنای روش آمیخته است. داده‌های موردنیاز بر مبنای شاخص‌های مستخرج از ادبیات علمی موضوع و با استفاده از پرسشنامه در محدوده مطالعاتی، که با روش هدف‌مند انتخاب‌شده است، گردآوری‌شده و با استفاده از روش تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی بررسی شدند. پس از محاسبه ماتریس‌های مختلف تحلیل مذکور، تفسیر و نام‌گذاری عوامل بنیادی صورت گرفته است. پنج عاملِ 1) کیفیت‌های محیطیِ کارکردیفضایی، 2) هنجارهای اجتماعی و زمینه‌های لازم برای جامعه‌پذیری (اجتماعی شدن)، 3) درآمد مناسب و رونق فعالیت‌های اقتصادی، 4) حالت روان، علایق و روحیه فردی، 5) نحوه ادراک و برهم‌کنش دوستانه شهروندان باهم بر سرزندگی فضای عمومی موثر هستند. سهم این عوامل در تبیین واریانس کل متغیرها مجموعاً 70.3 درصد می‌باشد. درنهایت بر مبنای واریانس تبیین شده هر یک از عوامل، مدل چارچوب مفهومیعملیاتی مناسب و کارآمد ارائه‌شده است.

Explaining the effective factors in vibrant of public space,case study: Valiasr crossroad of Tehran City

Extended Abstract Introduction                                                                                                                           The city is an alive creature, requiring vibrant and freshness. The position of public spaces, in which social interaction of citizens is formed and promote the culture of society, is declining day by day in most of our cities. Moreover, the vibrant is considered differently in various fields and various components and indicators have been mentioned for that in related theoretical principles and vibrancy has been always noticed by urban designers and planners in the process of urban development as one of the macro or microgoals of most of programs and plans, regardless of the operational framework of its explaining factors. The attempts of planners in different fields for promoting the vibrant of urban spaces do not lead to desirable results due to lack of coordination, familiarity, and constructive participation with urban planning experts and implicit attention to spatial concepts. In most of studies so far, one or some limited dimensions of vibrant have been investigated and all related variables and dimensions to vibrant have not been studied yet. There is not also an appropriate theoretical support in most of such studies given extensive conceptual scope of vibrant. Due to this, the question of the current study is: what factors affect in vibrant of public space fundamentally, and how is the framework of the operationalconceptual model of making vibrant in public spaces? The main goal of the paper is to propose effective factors on vibrant based on extracted indicators from various resources in an appropriate and efficient framework that not only explains effective variables in this field but also proposes the process of creating and improving the vibrant in public spaces.   Methodology                                                                                                                       To determine the study sample volume, given the principles of determining the number of required samples for exploratory factor analysis, 350 questionnaires have been used in this study. At least 3 to 5 samples have to be investigated for each indicator and the higher the number is, the greater the confidence will be in the result of the analysis. On this basis, for each indicator, seven samples have been considered for determining the sample volume which is more than the minimum amount. Exploratory factor analysis of research variables specified five factors of spatialfunctional environmental qualities, social norms and necessary fields for sociability, suitable income, and promotion of economic activities, individual mood, interests, and psyche, state of perception and friendly interaction of citizens with each other on the vibrant of public space in the study area. The share of such factors in explaining the variance of whole variables is 70.3% each one of the mentioned factors explains the variance of whole research variables respectively 22.16%, 16.38%, 12.86%, 11.21%, and 7.76%.   Results and discussion                                           The findings of the current study showed that the effective factors on vibrant of public space are related to different fields and their explaining power of them is different from each other.  Therefore, it can be concluded that if the subject and quality of vibrant is the main issue of studies in planning and designing public spaces process, the mentioned five factors shall be considered in the related policymaking. The nature of spatialfunctional environmental qualities and necessary fields for sociability as well as the state of perception and friendly interaction of citizens with each other is noticeable in public space designing projects but the result of third and fourth factors manifested same as other factors in a public space, is less noticed in public space design projects because they are related to the urban and beyond urban macro policymaking fields in most cases. It indicates that to realize the vibrant of public spaces in urban management, not only the first, second, and fifth factors are noticed in the urban development system but also proper income and promotion of economic activities, individual mood, interest, and the psyche shall be also considered. Based on the variance explanation power of each final obtained factor in the current study, the priority of planning and designing effective various indicators on the vibrant of public spaces can be determined based on existing facilities and barriers and for appropriate accountability of vibrant of public spaces, the comprehensiveness of the variables of the mentioned factors shall be considered.                                                   Conclusion Effective fundamental factors on vibrant of public spaces in Valiasr crossroad, Tehran (selected through purposeful approach) were extracted in this study. Analyzing the relations between mentioned factors and investigating the dimensions and factors of spaces, in which there is vibrant inappropriate or the attempts of urban management due to increase vibrant have failed, can be the subject of future studies.