حق به شهر در سکونتگاه‌های خودانگیخته مطالعه موردی: شهر سنندج، ناحیه منفصل شهری نایسر

تا به امروز حق به شهر توانسته است مسیر ترقی قابل‌اعتنایی را سپری نماید و به مرحله رسمیت بخشی و تاثیرگذاری در بسیاری از دستور کارها و قوانین و مقررات شهری برسد. یکی از مفاهیم مورد تاکید حق به شهر موضوع به حاشیه رفتن بخشی از شهر بنا به دلایل جنسی، سنی، اعتقادی، نژادی، سیاسی و اقتصادی است. درنتیجه حق به شهر می‌تواند نگاهی ویژه به موضوع سکونتگاه‌های خودانگیخته داشته باشد. این پژوهش در پی بررسی وضعیت حق به شهر در سکونتگاه نایسر است تا از این طریق تفاوت‌های حق به شهر در میان گروه‌های مختلف را موردسنجش قرار دهد. بر این اساس با نگاهی کاربردی به گفتمان حق به شهر به‌عنوان یک چهارچوب مدون برای اعتلای حق‌های گوناگون شهروندان در شهر با روش کتابخانه‌ای اقدام به مطالعه اسناد مرتبط با حق به شهر نموده و ابعاد و شاخص‌های اساسی این گفتمان را استخراج و با روش میدانی به بررسی وضعیت حق به شهر پرداخته است. در این تحقیق از روش تحقیق کمی با محوریت استخراج داده از طریق پرسشنامه استفاده‌شده است. نتایج تحقیق بیانگر این است که ابعاد حق به شهر در هر شش بعد موردمطالعه وضعیت ضعیفی را نشان می‌دهد. بااین‌وجود دو بعد سلامت و فرهنگی وضعیت مطلوبی را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. همچنین در خصوص تاثیر متغیرهای توصیفی پژوهش بر وضعیت حق به شهر می‌توان عنوان نمود که ازنظر جنسی حق به شهر در میان مردان، ازنظر درآمدی گروه‌های با درآمدهای بالاتر، ازنظر شغلی گروه‌های شاغل در بخش رسمی، ازنظر سنی دو گروه سنی 25 الی 40 و 40 الی 60 سال و ازنظر سواد نیز افراد با سطح سواد پایین‌تر بیشترین میانگین‌های حق به شهر را در میان جامعه آماری پژوهش نشان می‌دهند.

Right to the City in Spontaneous Settlements Case Study: Sanandaj, Urban Separated Area of Naysar

Extended AbstractIntroductionThe right to the city can be considered as one of the human approaches to urban studies that it seeks to rebuild the city as a space designed by all citizens and serving all of them. Fortunately, the right to the city has been able to keep up the path of progress. The right to the city once proposed in the context of the French Revolution and in opposition to the capitalist system; these days it is used as an approach by power and capitalism. In other words, the right to the city has been recognized as an approach of people governance to space and the role of citybased residents in producing and reproducing the present and future space of cities. If spontaneous settlements are consider as marginalizing a part of the city, so the right to the city can have a special look at the issue of spontaneous settlements. This study seeks to investigate the right to the city condition of the Naysar settlement in order to assess the differences of right to the city among variant groups of this part of Sanandaj city. MethodologyThe present study is an applied one that has been done by the descriptiveanalytical method. Documentary and field methods were used to collect the required information. By reviewing the theoretical literature and the research background, dimensions and indicators of research were extracted in six ones including political and civil, managerial, economic, cultural, service and health. Then, the validity of the indicators was confirmed by using of expert’s opinions. Finally, a questionnaire was prepared in the form of Likert spectrum by indexing the indicators. The statistical population of the study consists of Naysar’s where 36431 people live according to the last census of 2016. Based on the Cochran formula (sample size) 381 pretest questionnaires were distributed among the residents of the study area by a simple random method. Then, Onesample ttest was used for statistical analysis and status analysis of the studied dimensions and Oneway analysis of variance was used to examine the relationships between the descriptive factors on the main variable of research (Right to the city). Results and discussionAccording to the results of oneway analysis of variance, the righttocity situation seems more favorable to men than women, and the city is not evenly distributed to marginalized gender groups. The study of income shows that the highest and lowest amount of right to the city belongs to the income groups who have above 6 million Tomans and below 2 million Tomans, respectively. In the survey of right to the city status among the occupational groups, those who employed in the formal sector have a higher average of right to the city. Also, the least amount of right to the city belongs to groups who are searching for a job. In addition, the least amount of right to the city among the age groups belong to above 60 and under 25 and two age groups of 25 to 40 and 40 to 60 years have the highest rate of it. It is worth noting that the guidance school and the academic groups have the highest and lowest amount of right to the city, respectively. ConclusionsThe urban management system may not provide a wide range of different rights to the residents of Naysar, However, it gives the rents or ransoms to its residents that without any doubt include people with better financial status in the area. For example, the wealthy individuals of Naysar have built several illegal and unoccupied housing units; they have been transformed agricultural land uses into housing land illegally; also, they have divided their lands without permission; they are using electricity and water concessions illegally and freely for residential and even nonresidential units and in addition, they pay minimal tolls and taxes for various properties. As a result, Naysar only shows lower percentages of right to the city indicators for people who want to live as a citizen. Otherwise, it is a good environment for a group of people with informal citizenship and they receive different unlawful privileges from urban management in various ways.