Relationship between major dietary patterns and Osteoporosis in Iranian postmenopausal women: A case-control study

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder affecting many post-menopausal women, characterized by a bone mineral density (bmd) 2.5 standard deviations or more below peak bone mass in young adults. diet may influence osteoporosis pathogenesis. this case-control study investigated associations between major dietary patterns and osteoporosis risk in iranian post-menopausal women. researchers recruited 220 osteoporotic cases and 220 non-osteoporotic controls from tehran hospitals and clinics via convenience sampling. demographic, anthropometric, medical history, physical activity, and dietary intake data were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires, including a 147-item food frequency questionnaire (ffq) to assess dietary patterns. nutrient intakes and physical activity levels were compared between groups. principal component analysis identified two predominant dietary patterns (mixed and western) from 33 food groups. cases exhibited higher bmi and lower physical activity than controls (p<0.001). after adjusting for confounders, the highest western pattern tertile was associated with 3.87 times greater osteoporosis odds than the lowest tertile (95% ci: 1.30-7.03). thus, a western dietary pattern may elevate osteoporosis risk in iranian post-menopausal women.