developing the structure of japan’s cancer survivorship guidelines using an expert panel and modified delphi method

To develop consensus-based components used in the first evidence-based cancer survivorship guidelines in japan. purposive sampling was used to recruit a panel of experts in oncology clinical practice, nursing, health science, epidemiology, and patient advocacy. the panel engaged in a modified delphi process to (1) generate consensus related to the definition of survivorship, (2) determine the aim and target users of the guideline, and (3) identify clinical issues for inclusion. a web-based survey and panel meeting were conducted to obtain the panelists’ feedback on the initial draft proposed by the secretariat. multiple online votes were then completed until all elements of the proposed guidelines reached an approval rate of 80% or higher. following each round, iterative refinements were made based on all panelists’ feedback. twenty-two experts were enrolled in the panel and participated in four rounds of online voting and two face-to-face meetings. ultimately, the panel reached consensus on the definition of survivorship, the aim of the guidelines, and target users. moreover, 11 of the original 17 clinical issues were retained. finally, the panel selected two priority areas to implement immediately. the panel’s consensus on the definition of survivorship, aim and target users of the guideline, and 11 clinical issues will serve as a compass for the development of comprehensive cancer survivorship guidelines in japan. a culturally sensitive consensus approach was developed to improve the long term health and well- being of cancer survivors in japan.