کاربست رهیافت قراردادهای اجتماعی در توانمندسازی محلی با تاکید بر روش نظریه ی زمینه ای؛ نمونه موردی: محلۀ آبکوه شهر مشهد

بیان مسئله: امروزه پایداری شهرها بر مدار شهروندی و مشارکت شهرها استوار بوده و با تعهد جامعه شهروندی در اجتماعات سکونتی تحقق می‌یابد. قراردادهای اجتماعات محلی با معرفی از سوی سازمان هبیتات به عنوان فرآیندی مردمی معرفی شده‌اند که در تمامی برنامه‌های محلی به حضور مردم تاکید ویژه دارند. این رویکرد چند سالی است که مورد توجه بسیاری از کشورهای درحال‌توسعه و توسعه‌یافته به منظور توانمندسازی و بهبود مدیریت محلی قرار گرفته است.هدف: با توجه به نوآوری موضوع در ایران قصد بر آن است؛ تا با انتخاب محلۀ آبکوه در شهر مشهد به عنوان مورد پژوهی به معرفی و امکان‌سنجی رهیافت قراردادهای اجتماعی در توانمندسازی محلی و با استفاده از روش نظریه‌ی زمینه‌ای پرداخته شود.روش: تبیین چارچوب موضوعی این پژوهش به روش کتابخانه‌ای و امکان‌سنجی اجرای رویکرد به روش میدانی همراه با مصاحبه و پرسشنامه است. روش پژوهش با توجه به هدف بیرونی کاربردی و ماهیت آن توصیفی – تحلیلی می‌باشد. نمونه‌گیری در مصاحبه و پرسشنامه به روش هدفمند و تا رسیدن به حد اشباع انجام ‌شده است. شیوه‌ی تحلیل یافته‌ها بر اساس تحلیل محتوای جهت‌دار است.یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل نشان از 193 کد باز، 12 زیر‌مقوله، 2 مقوله اصلی و یک هسته اصلی دارد که در تحقق‌پذیری رویکرد قراردادی در محله آبکوه مشهد نقش کلیدی دارند.نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج، اگرچه اجرا و پیاده‌سازی رویکرد قرارداد اجتماعات محلی در سطح محلات به‌ظاهر سهل و ممکن است، اما تحقق این رویکرد در محله آبکوه نیازمند یکپارچگی و همسو نمودن سازمان‌های دخیل در بافت است. از طرفی فقدان بودجه برای واگذاری اقدامات ساماندهی محله به شهروندان، ضعف یکپارچگی در امر مدیریت، تصمیم‌گیری و نظارت بر ساماندهی بافت‌های فرسوده و نیز ضعف فرهنگ مشارکت در مردم و مدیران شهری از مواردی است که پیش از پیاده‌سازی رویکرد باید در نظر گرفته شود.

applying the social contract approach to local empowerment with emphasis on the grounded theory method; case study: abkooh neighborhood of mashhad

introduction: in recent decades, due to increased urbanization and decay exacerbation, the ineffectiveness of residential fabrics and the challenge of providing services, and, also, the outbreak of approaches based on social sustainability andparticipatory urban planning, attention to the people and their participation in urbanmanagement have become necessary. local community contracts have beenintroduced by habitat as a cooperative process that emphasizes the presence of peoplein all local programs. in recent decades the community contract approach has beenwidely welcomed by developed and developing countries as a powerful, participatory,and people enforcement approach. on the other hand, considering the novelty of thesubject in iran, we are aiming to introduce this approach in terms of elements, process,and content. identification and developing community contracts in iran and themashhad metropolis is vital due to the lack of people participation in decision makingand the existence of informal and worn out urban fabrics in mashhad, scarcity ofinvestment incentives and etc. all of which can be the basis for drawing a roadmap forurban management. for this purpose, by selecting the abkooh neighborhood ofmashhad as a case study, we are trying to achieve the research goals.methodology: the methodology of this study considering the essence and objectivesof the subject as a new and applied subject is qualitative which has been done by thegrounded theory method. providing the thematic framework of this research issupported by the librarian method and feasibility study of field approach by interviewand questionnaire. the research method according to its applied external purpose isdescriptive analytical. sampling in the interview and questionnaire was done in apurposeful manner until saturation.results: the results of the analysis show a set of 193 open sources, 12 subcategories,2 main categories, and a core that play a key role in the feasibility of the conventionalapproach in the abkooh neighborhood of mashhad. in general summary, the incorrectand unprincipled performance of city managers and inappropriate organizational structure at the horizontal and vertical levels with 18.65% and lack of realism in plans,a definite view of the consequences, and a deep disconnect between the process ofpreparation, planning, and decision making, implementation, and supervision with14.5% have a greater relative impact on the realization of the main core and maincategories of research. therefore, based on the separation of content and theclassification of the main categories, the problems of documents and plans are only26% of the categories; and structural problems in the urban planning andmanagement system in the current conditions have allocated 74% of the categoriesand causes. based on the analysis of the directed content analysis and statistics of thecore research category; the failure to implement the community contracts in theabkooh neighborhood of mashhad in the current conditions of urban management andpeople is a fundamental result of the research.discussion: the community contracts are realized in a continuous, coordinated, andcontractual framework between people, government, and social/private institutionswith the main goal of connecting these elements and consolidating trust, cohesion, andsocial unity by improving the urban environment. with the implementation of thisapproach, positive advantages such as flourishing of talents, improvement ofemployment status and reduction of unemployment, increase of income, an increase ofsense of attachment and responsibility, increase of local cohesion and unity, etc. willbe created at the level of worn out urban neighborhoods and tissues. according to theresults, although the implementation of the local community contract approach at theneighborhood level may seem easy and possible, the realization of this approach inabkooh neighborhood requires the integration and alignment of organizationsinvolved in the context. on the other hand, the lack of funding to delegateneighborhood organizing measures to citizens, the lack of integration in management,decision making, and monitoring of the organization of worn out structures, and theweak culture of participation in people and city managers are some of the issues thatmust be considered before implementing the approach.conclusion: in general, from reviewing the community contract approach to create anefficient environment, prerequisites such as laws and making the contract legal,participation (paying attention to how people participate in projects) and socialorganizations (conditions, experiences of each social institution and creatinginstitutions if needed the target society) should be taken into the account. also, at theend of the research, suggestions, and solutions have been presented in order toimprove and implement the three main steps of the approach (planning, decisionmaking,and implementation) in abkooh neighborhood of mashhad.