تحلیل ارتباط میان مولفه‌های فرهنگ و ابعاد محیط مصنوع نمونه موردی: خانه‌ای تاریخی در تبریز

رابطه میان فرهنگ و شکل محیط مصنوع موضوعی است که پژوهش‌های زیادی را در سراسر جهان به خود اختصاص داده است. مظاهر فرهنگی که بیان‌های فرهنگ هستند، به اشکال مختلفی در ساختار محیط متجسم می‌گردند. شیوه زندگی و نظام‌های فعالیت منتج از آن نیز آشکارترین این مولفه‌ها هستند که در ساختارهای معماری قابل بازیابی می‌باشند. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی تاثیر این مولفه‌ها در ساختار کالبدی خانه است. بر همین اساس پژوهش حاضر با انتخاب خانه نقشینه از دوره قاجار در شهر تبریز به عنوان نمونه موردی، سعی در تحلیل چگونگی نمود مولفه‌های فرهنگ در ساختار معماری این خانه دارد. در جریان فرایند تحقیق ابتدا با استناد به مصاحبه‌های انجام گرفته از بازماندگان، فهرستی از الگوهای فعالیتی و رفتارهای جاری در خانه استخراج گردید. سپس فضاهای موجود در خانه بر اساس نظام‌های فعالیتی جاری در آنها به صورت جز به‌ جز مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت و در نهایت کلیت خانه بر اساس نظام فرهنگی حاکم بر جامعه آن روز تدوین گردید. راهبرد مورد استفاده در این پژوهش کیفی و روش تحقیق مورد استفاده از نوع توصیفیتاریخی است. گردآوری اطلاعات از طریق مطالعات اسنادی و میدانی و نیز انجام مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با بازماندگان صاحبان خانه بود. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که آنچه در ارتباط با فرهنگ و محیط در خانه نقشینه وجود دارد، حاصل همسازی چهار عامل فضا، زمان، معنی، و ارتباطات با یکدیگر و نیز با نظام فعالیت‌های موجود در خانه است. در این خانه سازماندهی فضا و زمان با سطوح مختلف ارتباطات اجتماعی هم‌خوانی دارد. در این ارتباط عامل معنی نیز نقش هدایت‌گر جنبه‌های دیگر را دارد. دبه عبارتی دیگر می‌توان چنین عنوان نمود که مجموعه ‌خانه نقشینه ترکیبی همگن از معانی عرفی، اعتقادی، زیستی، اجتماعی و ... است که ظهور و بروز آنها در نظام‌های فعالیت و به ‌تبع در فضاها و نظام کالبدی خانه شکل می‌گیرد.

Analysis of the Relationship between the Components of Culture and the Dimensions of the Built EnvironmentCase Study: An Historic House in Tabriz

Relation between culture and environment of setting is a subject that many researches focused on, in the entire world. In this vein, Amos Rapaport known as pioneer that he focused on the home. Moreover, he investigates the effective cultural element on formation of space setting specially, in vernacular instance. He has created a three step approach including: separation, analysis, and combination. Based on this approach, first cultural related factors at home separated to smaller elements, second these components are analyzed one by one, and finally they are combining and describe in general view about this subject. So, by selecting the Naghshine house form the Ghajar era, this paper aim to use this process. In the research process flow, first based on citation interview are done and the list of current behavior instance are extracted. Then, based on current behavior setting, existing spaces at home are analyzed part by part. Finally, home generality are described based on cultural setting. In this paper we use qualitative approach and the research methodology done based on historical descriptive way. Data collection was done based on documental and field study and semistructure interview with survivor owners of home. The results indicated that correlation between culture and environment in Naghshine house are based on matched of four elements: space, time, meaning, and communications. In this house it seems that time and space organizing have compatibility with different level of social communications. Meaning has a navigator role for other aspects. In fact, it can be said the set of Naghshine house are combination of social, religion, usual, biological… The emerging of the meaning is formed in the behavioral setting and in the following in the space and the physical setting. Relation between culture and environment of setting is a subject that many researches focused on, in the entire world. In this vein, Amos Rapaport known as pioneer that he focused on the home. Moreover, he investigates the effective cultural element on formation of space setting specially, in vernacular instance. He has created a three step approach including: separation, analysis, and combination. Based on this approach, first cultural related factors at home separated to smaller elements, second these components are analyzed one by one, and finally they are combining and describe in general view about this subject. So, by selecting the Naghshine house form the Ghajar era, this paper aim to use this process. In the research process flow, first based on citation interview are done and the list of current behavior instance are extracted. Then, based on current behavior setting, existing spaces at home are analyzed part by part. Finally, home generality are described based on cultural setting. In this paper we use qualitative approach and the research methodology done based on historical descriptive way. Data collection was done based on documental and field study and semistructure interview with survivor owners of home. The results indicated that correlation between culture and environment in Naghshine house are based on matched of four elements: space, time, meaning, and communications. In this house it seems that time and space organizing have compatibility with different level of social communications. Meaning has a navigator role for other aspects. In fact, it can be said the set of Naghshine house are combination of social, religion, usual, biological… The emerging of the meaning is formed in the behavioral setting and in the following in the space and the physical setting.