a comprehensive review of the health and safety risks faced by firefighters in responding to municipal solid waste incidents

This review article aims to explore the health and safety risks that firefighters may expose while responding to municipal solid waste (msw) incidents in iran. specifically, the article focuses on the problems faced by firefighters during rescue operations, exposure to hazardous materials, and potential injuries associated with heavy waste incidents. this research also surveys the existing practices and arrangements placed for tackling msw-related events, to identify potential measures to mitigate these risks and ensure the safety of firefighters. the research findings provide valuable insights into the specific problems faced by firefighters in iran and offer recommendations to enhance their safety and effectiveness in responding to msw-related incidents. in this context, this research contributes to the development of more responsive practices in iran by addressing the health and safety concerns of firefighters when dealing with msw incidents.