nano fe3o4@sio2@cl: a novel magnetic nanocatalyst for efficient benzopyran synthesis

The development of efficient and recyclable catalytic systems for benzopyran synthesis remains a major challenge in sustainable chemistry. this study reports the design and characterization of a novel magnetic nanocatalyst (fe3o4@sio2@cl) prepared by functionalizing silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles with thionyl chloride. comprehensive characterization using tg-dta, ft-ir, xrd, and sem confirmed the successful synthesis of the catalyst. the nanocatalyst showed exceptional performance in multicomponent benzopyran synthesis, achieving high yields (up to 98%) in short reaction times (15 min) under mild conditions. notably, the system exhibited broad functional group tolerance, as verified by melting point analysis and nmr spectroscopy (¹h and ¹³c). key advantages include outstanding selectivity, and easy magnetic separation for recycling. the synergistic combination of a superparamagnetic fe3o4 core, silica interlayer, and active chlorine species enhances the catalyst's activity. this work offers an eco-friendly, high-performance catalytic solution for benzopyran synthesis with significant industrial potential.