green synthesis of mgznfe₂o₄ nanoparticles: a sustainable approach to combat β-lactam-resistant uropathogenic strains

The global spread of drug-resistant urinary pathogens—notably esbl-producing e. coli and k. pneumoniae—has created a therapeutic crisis, as β-lactam antibiotics (the frontline defense) lose efficacy. with conventional treatments dwindling, sustainable nanotechnology steps into the fray. this study pioneers eco-friendly green synthesis of mgznfe₂o₄ nanoparticles, demonstrating their targeted antibacterial potential against esbl-producing uropathogens as a sustainable countermeasure to drug-resistant infections. using plant-based extracts, mgznfe₂o₄ nanoparticles were synthesized via a green co-precipitation method, avoiding harmful chemicals. lab results reveal mgznfe₂o₄ nanoparticles achieve 10-15 mm inhibition zones against esbl pathogens at 3.25-6.25 mg/ml concentrations, while their potent bactericidal action (mbc/mic ratio of 2:1) overcomes even carbapenem-resistant strains, positioning them as promising next-gen antimicrobial candidates. the results underscore the importance of green-synthesized mgznfe₂o₄ nanoparticles as a sustainable solution to mitigate the growing threat of β-lactam-resistant uropathogens, offering a promising avenue for reducing reliance on conventional antibiotics.