silver nano loaded solanum nigrum with potential biological activities

Cancer is still one of the major causes of death in all over the world. plants with potent biological activities are on the hunt. silver nanoparticles (agnps) are used in studying and determining therapeutic targets for cancer cells. this study aims to evaluate the silver nanoloaded solanum nigrum (s. nigrum) extract for its potential biological activities, particularly on cancer cells. s. nigrum leaves were extracted and synthesized using agnps and sliver nitrate (agno3). chemical and cytotoxic analyses, as well as antimicrobial activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) free radical activities, were conducted on the extract. four different molarities (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mm) and six concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 µg) were tested. the study reveals that s. nigrum extract had a high content of flavonoids, saponins, and phenols, suggesting potential antioxidant properties. the dpph radical scavenging activity decreases with concentration due to the abundance of flavonoids and phenols. the extract had a greater effect on gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria. the cytotoxicity effect on cell viability was significant, with lower cytotoxicity and higher activities for caspase-8 and caspase-9 enzymes. the findings indicate that s. nigrum extract had a significant effect on cancer cells. future research could validate agnps’ anticancer and antimicrobial activities by testing higher concentrations on cancer cells and analysing other phytochemical contents of s. nigrum extract.