recent advances in electrochemical sensing of anticancer drug doxorubicin: a mini-review

Cancer, is a worldwide epidemic, is characterized by the abnormal growth of cells and their ability to spread to various organs and tissues within the body. doxorubicin (dox) is an effective chemotherapy drug that not only inhibits the growth of cancer cells, but also assists in the immune-mediated elimination of tumor cells. hence, it is critical to carefully regulate the dox dosage for cancer patients undergoing drug-based cancer treatment. nowadays, electrochemical sensors have emerged as reliable analytical instruments for detecting a broad spectrum of target molecules. this is because of their simplicity, affordability, and ability to seamlessly integrate with multiplexed and point-of-care strategies. by modifying the surface of electrodes with diverse materials, it is possible to enhance the sensitivity and lower the detection limits (lod) of electrochemical sensors. this report provides a concise summary of selected studies that focus on the use of electrochemical sensors based on carbon nanomaterials and polymers for the dox analysis, and offers insights on the technical advancements and potential future applications in this particular domain.